<p><b>Research Paradigm:</b> The approach for this study is based on positivism
theory with an intention to obtain evidence through focused observations and
identify its likeliness with the actual data collected so that it can be
generalized with the findings of other scholars who have worked on the topic (Remenyi et al., 1998). As elaborated
by (Gill & Johnson, 2002), the crux of
positivism philosophy revolves around the relationship of cause and its effect
generated by different constructs, and the best possible exploration of these
variables.</p><p><b>Research Design:</b> Primary data would be collected through a structured
close-ended questionnaire which use to gather the responses from the
stakeholders including teachers, coordinators, and school management and human
resource personnel in the private schools. Therefore, the research
questionnaire adapted from Dogan
(2009)
and Asiyai (2016) as a research
instrument.</p>
<p><b>Sample Size and Sampling technique:</b> The target population
for this research study consists of different stakeholders for instance:
teachers, coordinators, and school management and HR personnel working in
private schools of Karachi -Pakistan. Non-probability purposive sampling is
being used for this study. The sample size of 400 different stakeholders from
private schools would be adequate to figure out the results (Loehlin, 2004). Since the
actual size of the population is not exactly known and neither accessible to
conduct random sampling, therefore non probability purposive sampling is
chosen. Since the sample consists of different stakeholders for instance:
teachers, coordinators, and school management and HR personnel working in
private schools of Karachi -Pakistan. Therefore, it is a purposive sampling.</p><p><b>Data Collection Tool:</b> In this study we used the quantitative research to
measure the perceived effectiveness of in-service training in improving teacher’s
performance with one independent variables: in-service training (Training need
assessment and training methodology), one dependent variables teachers
performance (Task performance and contextual performance), 03 mediators
(professional skills, knowledge enhancement and work engagement) and one moderator
(reward). Questionnaire has distributed in the several schools by hand or
through email.</p><p><b>Statistical Technique:</b> Since the model consists of multiple variables with mediation
and moderation model, therefore the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used.
The interface terms integrated with the model is measured for statistical
significance via bootstrapping method. The structural equation modeling has
executed by the partial least square approach.</p><p></p>
The toxicity of our (virtual) cities: Prevalence of dark participation in games and perceived effectiveness of reporting tools
