The results of laboratory tests are analyzed against reference values that are determined in
a population of healthy people prepared for the test in accordance with the relevant guidelines.
Such a reference system works perfectly when analyzing the results of tests of patients from
whom the material for determinations was collected in similar conditions. To better match the
reference values ranges are stratified, most often by gender, age, or race of the patient – the most
common and the most significant biological variability. The values of the measured parameter are
also influenced by within-subject biological variability to e.g. the time of the day, food consumption,
or physical exercise. This variability influences the results of random testing, often performed in
patients with emergencies. The measure of both of these variations is the index of individuality,
i.e. the ratio of within-subject biological variability to between-subject biological variability. In the
present work, the factors influencing the circadian, seasonal, and between-subject biological
variations of the selected clinical chemistry parameters are presented. Knowledge about these
variations is important for the physician and the supporting laboratory diagnostician, particularly
helpful in the analysis of pathological or inconsistent with the clinicians' expectations results to
distinguish results related to the disease from results related to biological variability.