Root Weevil Feeding on Rhododendron: A Review

In spite of the importance of chemical signals (pheromones) in the reproductive behaviour of lizards, only a few studies have examined the role of specific chemical compounds as sexual signals. The secreted chemicals vary widely between species but whether this variation reflects phylogenetic or environmental differences remains unclear. Based on mass spectra, obtained by GC-MS, we found 40 lipophilic compounds in femoral gland secretions of male green lizards (Lacerta viridis), including several steroids, α-tocopherol, and esters of n-C16 to n-C20 carboxylic acids, and minor components such as alcohols between C12 and C20, squalene, three lactones and one ketone. We compared these chemicals with those previously found in other closely related green lizard species, and discussed how phylogenetical differences and/or environmental conditions could be responsible for the differential presence of chemicals in different lizard species.

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Chemical Leukoderma Induced by Herbal Oils

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.2310/7750.2010.09075 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 310-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sudip Kumar Ghosh ◽

Debabrata Bandyopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Repeated Exposure ◽

Industrial Chemicals ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Detailed History ◽

Chemical Agents

Background: Chemical leukoderma (CL) may result from repeated exposure to specific chemical compounds such as industrial chemicals, cosmetics, and personal articles. The incidence of CL is reportedly increasing rapidly in developing countries. Objective: Two cases of chemical leukoderma arising out of use of herbal oils on the scalp and breasts are described. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of a detailed history regarding possible exposure to chemical agents in patients with depigmented lesions, mainly in adults.

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Sample Chemistry for the Oxford High Energy Mass Spectrometer

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200006123 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 771-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Richard Gillespie ◽

Robert E M Hedges

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometer ◽

Sample Pretreatment ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

High Energy ◽

Ion Source ◽

Small Samples ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Geologic Samples ◽

Source Materials ◽

Accelerator System

Chemical pretreatment procedures for the decontamination, extraction, and isolation of organic materials for 14C dating using the Oxford accelerator system are described. Specific details are given for the isolation and chromatographic purification of amino acids from bone and tooth collagen, of lipids from sediments, and of cellulose and glucose from wood, paper, and textiles. A description is also given of the apparatus used for the routine preparation of 1 to 5mg graphite samples on tantalum wire, for use in the accelerator ion source.The high energy mass spectrometer (HEMS) approach to 14C dating allows the use of very small samples in the low milligram range. Sample pretreatment and decontamination procedures can be both more vigorous and more selective than those used by conventional dating laboratories. Specific chemical compounds can be isolated from archaeologic or geologic samples; such compounds may be characteristic of particular source materials and, hence, provide more detailed information than is generally possible using bulk organic samples. The Oxford Radiocarbon Unit has concentrated on three sample types that represent the kind of material we expect to work on initially: bone, lake sediment, and wood.

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Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry: some recent results and applications

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.1987.0072 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 323 (1569) ◽

pp. 57-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽

Radiocarbon Dating ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Environmental Research ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Archaeological Material ◽

Comparable Accuracy ◽

Different Sources ◽

Better Than

14 C differs from other nuclides measured by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) in that an extensive database of dates already exists, AMS dates should therefore have comparable accuracy, and the measurement of isotopic ratios to better than 1 % , which was an important technical goal, has been reached. The main advantage of being able to date samples 1000 times smaller than previously lies in the extra selectivity that can be employed. This is reflected in the results and applications. Selection can apply at several levels; from objects th at formerly contained too little carbon, to the choice of archaeological material, to the extraction of specific chemical compounds from a complex environmental sample. This is particularly useful in removing uncertainty regarding the validity of a date, since a given sample may comprise carbon atoms from different sources each with their own 14 C ‘age’. Examples from archaeological and environmental research illustrating these points are given. 14 C dating by AMS differs from conventional radiocarbon dating by having the potential to measure much lower levels of 14 C, and therefore should double the time span of the method. This potential has not yet been realized because of sample contamination effects, and work in progress to reduce these is described.

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Potensi Tumbuhan Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.F.) Bedd.) asal Kalimantan Tengah sebagai Afrodisiaka

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v3i2.114 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 144-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fahruni Fahruni ◽

Rezqi Handayani ◽

Susi Novaryatiin

Keyword(s):

Thin Layer ◽

Active Compound ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

Medicinal Products ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Estrogenic Properties ◽

First Time ◽

Layer Chromatography

The necessity of traditional medicine is efficacious as aphrodisiac increasing every year. The Dayak community believes that Kelakai roots have efficacy as an aphrodisiac drug, but no studies were conducted relating to the efficacy of the Kelakai roots. Traditional medicinal products are efficacious as aphrodisiac have a hormone-like effect, usually contain active ingredients that have estrogenic properties among other things, progesterone, androgenic, adaptogenic, and ketogenic. Materials that are androgenic or adaptogenic nature helps maintain and restore stamina. This research was aimed to determine the content of the active compound on the Kelakai roots that efficacious as an aphrodisiac and to determine the profile of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of active compound contained in Kelakai roots. This study used the identification method of chemical compounds such as starches and aleurone, tannins, catechols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and steroids for simplicia powder and ethanol extract of Kelakai roots. The extraction of Kelakai roots done by soxhletation and TLC used to identify a specific chemical compound. The result showed that Kelakai Roots contain active compounds potentially aphrodisiac namely alkaloids and saponin. While the TLC profile obtained is the presence of stains on the appearance of a non-polar eluent (Chloroform: Ethyl Acetate) with a ratio of 7: 3, 8: 2, 9: 4 with each Rf value is 0.70 cm (7: 3), 0.94 cm (8: 2) and 0.94 cm (9: 4). This research reported for the first time the potential of Kelakai roots as an aphrodisiac. Thus, further work will focus on the study of the pharmacological effects of Kelakai roots.

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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Response to Long Exposure to Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Products by Transcriptomic Approach

Microbiology Spectrum ◽

10.1128/spectrum.00180-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pari Madloo ◽

Margarita Lema ◽

Maria Elena Cartea ◽

Pilar Soengas

Keyword(s):

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Content Type ◽

Oil Crops ◽

Hydrolysis Products ◽

The World

Brassica species, including important vegetable crops, such as cabbage, cauliflower, or broccoli, or oil crops, such as rapeseed, produce specific chemical compounds useful to protect them against pests and pathogens. One of the most destructive Brassica diseases in temperate areas around the world is sclerotinia stem rot, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum .

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Unraveling the Olfactory Biases of Male Euglossine Bees: Species-Specific Antennal Responses and Their Evolutionary Significance for Perfume Flowers

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.727471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Katharina Brandt ◽

Stefan Dötterl ◽

Santiago R. Ramírez ◽

Florian Etl ◽

Isabel Cristina Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Signal ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Species Level ◽

Evolutionary Significance ◽

Euglossine Bees ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Antennal Response ◽

Euglossine Bee ◽

Species Specific ◽

Antennal Responses

Male euglossine bees exhibit unique adaptations for the acquisition and accumulation of chemical compounds from “perfume flowers” and other sources. During courtship display, male bees expose perfume mixtures, presumably to convey species-specific recognition and/or mate choice signals to females. Because olfaction regulates both signal production (in males) and signal detection (in females) in this communication system, strong selective pressures are expected to act on the olfactory system, which could lead to sensory specialization in favor of an increased sensitivity to specific chemical compounds. The floral scents of euglossine-pollinated plants are hypothesized to have evolved in response to the preexisting sensory biases of their male euglossine bee pollinators. However, this has never been investigated at the peripheral olfactory circuitry of distinct pollinating genera. Here, we present a comparative analysis using electroantennography (EAG) of males across the phylogeny of 29 euglossine bee species, among them Euglossa and Eulaema species. First, we tested whether antennal responses differ among different euglossine genera, subgenera and species. Secondly, we conducted a comparative phylogenetic analysis to investigate the macroevolutionary patterns of antennal responses across the euglossine bee phylogeny. We found that antennal response profiles are very unique on the species level and differ on the subgenus and the genus level. The differences can be explained by chemical compounds typically found in the floral scent bouquets of perfume flowers and specific compounds of species either pollinated by Euglossa (e.g., ipsdienol) or Eulaema bees (e.g., (−)-(E)-carvone epoxide). Also, we detected a phylogenetic signal in mean antennal responses and found that especially at the species level of our simulation the overall antennal responses exhibit greater disparity relative to a null model of pure Brownian-motion across the phylogeny. Altogether, our results suggest that (1) euglossine bee species exhibit species-specific antennal responses that differ among euglossine genera and subgenera, (2) antennal responses diverge early after speciation events, and (3) scent composition of perfume flowers evolved in response to pollinator-mediated selection imposed by preexisting sensory biases in euglossine bees.

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