scholarly journals MASALAH KETAHANAN (RESISTENSI) VANCOMYCIN TERHADAP ENTEROCOCCI

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Urhayana Sennang AN
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Enterococcus adalah bakteri komensal dalam usus (colon) manusia dan binatang, dapat menyebabkan infeksi saluran kemih,endokarditis dan infeksi intra abdominal. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di berbagainegara. VRE yang merupakan cadangan (reservoir) glycopeptide resistance dianggap dapat menjangkit ke manusia melalui persentuhan(kontak) dengan binatang atau memakan (konsumsi) daging. Walaupun E. faecalis lebih sering terjadi infeksi di manusia, tetapivancomycin resistance lebih sering ditemui di isolat E. faecium. VRE merupakan patogen pada populasi imunokompromis terutamapenderita yang mendapatkan berbagai antibiotik dan menjalani rawat inap yang lama. terdapat enam tipe glycopeptide resistanceyang dilaporkan mengenai enterococcus yaitu VanA, VanB, VanC, VanD, VanE dan Vang. VRE merupakan salah satu penyebab infeksinosokomial dan kerentanannya (kemampuan resistensinya) dapat berpindah antar organisme atau spesies lainnya. Untuk itu kebijakanpengendalian infeksi (infection control) dan panduan pemberian antibiotik sangat penting diterapkan untuk mengendalikan penyebaranVRE dan organism yang rentan (resisten) terhadap berbagai obat.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci from Humans and Retail Chickens in Taiwan with Unique VanB Phenotype-vanA Genotype Incongruence

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai-Ling Lauderdale ◽  
L. Clifford McDonald ◽  
Yih-Ru Shiau ◽  
Pei-Chen Chen ◽  
Hui-Yin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) with VanB phenotype-vanA genotype incongruence were found in all 39 VRE isolated from chicken carcasses and four human VRE isolates in Taiwan. Three identical mutations in the vanS gene were found in the VanB phenotype-vanA genotype VRE sequenced. This finding indicates possible transmission of glycopeptide resistance among different hosts.

scholarly journals Oritavancin Activity against Vancomycin-Susceptible and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci with Molecularly Characterized Glycopeptide Resistance Genes Recovered from Bacteremic Patients, 2009-2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1639-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
Leah N. Woosley ◽  
David J. Farrell ◽  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACTOritavancin exhibited potent activity against vancomycin-susceptible (MIC50and MIC90, 0.015/0.03 μg/ml) andvanB-carryingE. faecalisisolates (MIC50and MIC90, 0.015 and 0.015 μg/ml). Higher (16- to 32-fold) MIC50s and MIC90s forvanA-harboringE. faecaliswere noted (MIC50and MIC90, 0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml), although oritavancin inhibited all strains at ≤0.5 μg/ml. Vancomycin-susceptible andvanB-carryingE. faeciumstrains (MIC50and MIC90, ≤0.008 and ≤0.008 μg/ml for both) were very susceptible to oritavancin, as were VanA-producing isolates (MIC50and MIC90, 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml). Oritavancin exhibited goodin vitropotency against this collection of organisms, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Infection-Control Measures Reduce Transmission of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in an Endemic Setting

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa A. Montecalvo ◽  
William R. Jarvis ◽  
Jane Uman ◽  
David K. Shay ◽  
Coleen Petrullo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Endemic Setting ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

scholarly journals Risk Factors for New Detection of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Acute-Care Hospitals That Employ Strict Infection Control Procedures

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2492-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Padiglione ◽  
Rory Wolfe ◽  
Elizabeth A. Grabsch ◽  
Di Olden ◽  
Stephen Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rectal Swab ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Accurate assessment of the risk factors for colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among high-risk patients is often confounded by nosocomial VRE transmission. We undertook a 15-month prospective cohort study of adults admitted to high-risk units (hematology, renal, transplant, and intensive care) in three teaching hospitals that used identical strict infection control and isolation procedures for VRE to minimize nosocomial spread. Rectal swab specimens for culture were regularly obtained, and the results were compared with patient demographic factors and antibiotic exposure data. Compliance with screening was defined as “optimal” (100% compliance) or “acceptable” (minor protocol violations were allowed, but a negative rectal swab specimen culture was required within 1 week of becoming colonized with VRE). Colonization with VRE was detected in 1.56% (66 of 4,215) of admissions (0.45% at admission and 0.83% after admission; the acquisition time was uncertain for 0.28%), representing 1.91% of patients. No patients developed infection with VRE. The subsequent rate of new acquisition of VRE was 1.4/1,000 patient days. Renal units had the highest rate (3.23/1,000 patient days; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.54 to 6.77/1,000 patient days). vanB Enterococcus faecium was the most common species (71%), but other species included vanB Enterococcus faecalis (21%), vanA E. faecium (6%), and vanA E. faecalis (2%). The majority of isolates were nonclonal by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. Multivariate analysis of risk factors in patients with an acceptable screening suggested that being managed by a renal unit (hazard ratio [HR] compared to the results for patients managed in an intensive care unit, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 17.0 [P = 0.02]) and recent administration of either ticarcillin-clavulanic acid (HR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 11.6 [P = 0.03]) or carbapenems (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0, 8.0 [P = 0.05]), but not vancomycin or broad-spectrum cephalosporins, were associated with acquisition of VRE. The relatively low rates of colonization with VRE, the polyclonal nature of most isolates, and the possible association with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics are consistent with either the endogenous emergence of VRE or the amplification of previously undetectable colonization with VRE among high-risk patients managed under conditions in which the risk of nosocomial acquisition was minimized.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: The Value of Infection Control and Antibiotic Control Policy

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 9B-12B ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Canadian Health Care System ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Canadian Health ◽  
Canadian Health Care ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent a major challenge for the Canadian health care system. The clinical significance of VRE in the Canadian health care system has increased over the past two decades, with outbreaks reported in Ontario and Quebec, although most provinces have been affected. This organism has been a substantial human and financial burden for Canadian institutions. VRE have been shown to be associated with an increased mortality, a longer hospital stay and a much higher overall cost compared with vancomycinsusceptible strains. Enterococci are now the third most important nosocomial pathogen in American intensive care units. The two most common species,Enterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faecium, have shown remarkable adaptability in responding to antibiotics. The arrival of VRE in Canada has forced hospitals to implement stringent and costly infection control measures. A multifaceted approach, including antibiotic restriction and stringent infection control measures, is important in managing VRE prevalence in Canadian institutions.

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