scholarly journals If the propagator of QED were reversed, the mathematics of Nature would be much simpler

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 129-153
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Boyd

In Quantum ElectroDynamics (QED) the propagator is a function that describes the probability amplitude of a particle going from point A to B. It summarizes the many paths of Feynman’s path integral approach. We propose a reverse propagator (R-propagator) that, prior to the particle’s emission, summarizes every possible path from B to A. Wave function collapse occurs at point A when the particle randomly chooses one and only one of many incident paths to follow backwards with a probability of one, so it inevitably strikes detector B. The propagator and R-propagator both calculate the same probability amplitude. The R-propagator has an advantage over the propagator because it solves a contradiction inside QED, namely QED says a particle must take EVERY path from A to B. With our model the particle only takes one path. The R-propagator had already taken every path into account. We propose that this tiny, infinitesimal change from propagator to R-propagator would vastly simplify the mathematics of Nature. Many experiments that currently describe the quantum world as weird, change their meaning and no longer say that. The quantum world looks and acts like the classical world of everyday experience.

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 1350079 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BENCHIKHA ◽  
L. CHETOUANI

The problem of normalization related to energy-dependent potentials is examined in the context of the path integral approach, and a justification is given. As examples, the harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom (radial) where, respectively the frequency and the Coulomb's constant depend on energy, are considered and their propagators determined. From their spectral decomposition, we have found that the wave functions extracted are correctly normalized.


1993 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATUSHI ISHIKAWA ◽  
HARUHIKO UEDA

The wave function of the universe is evaluated by using the Euclidean path integral approach. As is well known, the real Euclidean path integral diverges because the Einstein-Hilbert action is not positive definite. In order to obtain a finite wave function, we propose a new regularization method and calculate the wave function of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker type minisuperspace model. We then consider a homogeneous but anisotropic type minisuperspace model, which is known as the Bianch type I model. The physical meaning of the wave function by this new regularization method is also examined.


1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-518
Author(s):  
T. F. Treml

The derivation of the photon mass in the Schwinger model (two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics) is studied in a path-integral approach that employs a coordinate-space form of dimensional regularization. The role of the antisymmetric epsilon pseudotensor in dimensional regularization is briefly discussed. It is shown that the correct photon mass may easily be recovered by a dimensionally regularized calculation in which the epsilon pseudotensor is taken to be a purely two-dimensional quantity.


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