scholarly journals How Taking a Word for a Word Can Be Problematic: Context-Dependent Linguistic Markers of Extraversion and Neuroticism

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias R. Mehl ◽  
Megan L. Robbins ◽  
Shannon E. Holleran
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Verbal Immediacy ◽  
Public Language ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Expression Of Emotions

This study conceptually extends recent research on linguistic markers of psychological processes by demonstrating that psychological correlates of word use can vary with the context in which the words are used. The word use of 90 participants was analyzed across two theoretically defined communication contexts. Information about participants’ public language use was derived from recorded snippets of their daily conversations with others. Information about their private language use was derived from stream-of-consciousness essays. Personality trait–word use associations emerged as highly context dependent. Extraversion as a public trait was related to verbal productivity in public but not private language. Neuroticism as a private trait was related to the verbal expression of emotions in private but not public language. Verbal immediacy was indicative of Extraversion in public and Neuroticism in private language use. The findings illustrate the importance of considering communication contexts in research on psychological implications of natural language use. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i2_mehi

scholarly journals How Taking a Word for a Word Can Be Problematic: Context-Dependent Linguistic Markers of Extraversion and Neuroticism

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias R. Mehl ◽  
Megan L. Robbins ◽  
Shannon E. Holleran
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Verbal Immediacy ◽  
Public Language ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Expression Of Emotions

This study conceptually extends recent research on linguistic markers of psychological processes by demonstrating that psychological correlates of word use can vary with the context in which the words are used. The word use of 90 participants was analyzed across two theoretically defined communication contexts. Information about participants’ public language use was derived from recorded snippets of their daily conversations with others. Information about their private language use was derived from stream-of-consciousness essays. Personality trait–word use associations emerged as highly context dependent. Extraversion as a public trait was related to verbal productivity in public but not private language. Neuroticism as a private trait was related to the verbal expression of emotions in private but not public language. Verbal immediacy was indicative of Extraversion in public and Neuroticism in private language use. The findings illustrate the importance of considering communication contexts in research on psychological implications of natural language use. DOI:10.2458/azu_jmmss_v3i2_mehi

Narrative skills and genre knowledge: Ways of telling in the primary school grades

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Silent Film ◽  
Primary Grade ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Narrative Skills ◽  
On Line ◽  
Genre Knowledge

ABSTRACTChildren in the preschool years develop a linguisticrepertoireof narrative skills as they adapt their ways of representing events to different occasions of language use. The present study examines the abilities of primary school children to draw upon their repertoire of narrative skills in the service of language tasks. Children in grades K-2 were shown a shortened version of the silent film,The Red Balloon, and were asked to perform three narrative tasks: (a) produce an on-line narration of a 3-minute segment from the film, (b) recount the film's events as a news report, and (c) recount the film's events as an embellished story. The narrative texts produced for each task were subjected to analyses of linguistic markers of genre differences. The findings revealed very subtle distinctions between the narrative texts produced for the three genre tasks, leading to the conclusion that primary grade children have only nascent ability to apply their genre knowledge to school language tasks.

scholarly journals Convergence of naïve coders and participant report ratings of attachment to a former partner: When we should be me

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 977-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Borelli ◽  
David A. Sbarra ◽  
Matthias Mehl
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
Romantic Breakup

Using a Brunswik lens framework, this study examined whether lay observers could accurately detect participants’ attachment to a former partner following romantic breakup or divorce. We predicted that the ratings of post-breakup attachment (completed after reading participants’ transcribed stream-of-consciousness discussions of the recent separation) would be associated with participants’ self-reported ratings of attachment to a former partner and that participants’ natural language use in their narratives would act as the behavioral residue explaining these associations. To enhance the generalizability of our findings, we explored our hypotheses in two samples of adults who had recently undergone romantic relationship dissolutions—people experiencing non-marital breakups ( N = 161) and divorce ( N = 132). Consistent with hypotheses, in both samples, naïve judges generated assessments of participant attachment that were (a) reliable, (b) strongly associated with participants’ own attachment ratings, and (c) associated with participant breakup-related distress. Of the linguistic cues we examined as behavioral residue, only we-talk (first person plural pronoun use) operated indirectly to link rater and participant attachment scores. We discuss the implications of this work for a deeper understanding of attachment to former romantic partners and for using person-perception paradigms to study attachment relationships.

Language

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Language Games ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Public Language ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
Theory Of Meaning

This chapter examines philosophical issues in language. A very influential trend in philosophy is the notion that different kinds of sentence have different kinds of meaning—that sentence meaning is not a unitary affair. One might call this view “meaning pluralism.” In contrast, the rejected view can be called “meaning monism”—the doctrine that sentences are all of one type, that meanings are always uniformly the same, that there is something deeply common to all meaningful utterances. The chapter then looks at the concept of language-games, and studies meaning and communication, the private language, the public language, the verification and truth conditions theory of meaning, and arguments.

Private states and language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Craig
Keyword(s):  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Public Language ◽  
The Public ◽  
Michael Dummett ◽  
Bodily Sensations

Something is ’private’ if it can be known to one person only. Many have held that perceptions and bodily sensations are in this sense private, being knowable only by the person who experiences them. (You may know, it is often said, that we both call the same things ’green’; but whether they really look the same to me as they do to you, you have no means of telling.) Regarding the relation between private states and language two main questions have arisen: - Could there be a ’private language’, that is, a language in which a person communicates to themselves, or records for their own use, information about their own private states – this language being in principle incomprehensible to others, who do not know the nature of the events it is used to record. This question is primarily associated with Ludwig Wittgenstein. - Can the nature of our private states affect the meaning of expressions in the public language, that is, the language we use for communicating with each other? Or must everything that affects the meaning of expressions in the public language be something which is itself public, and knowable in principle by anyone? Michael Dummett has argued that we must accept the second of these alternatives, and that this has far-reaching consequences in logic and metaphysics.

scholarly journals Linguistic Markers and Stylistic Attributes of Hedging in English Academic Papers Written by Native and Non-Native Speakers of English

MANUSYA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Amara Prasithrathsint
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
English Academic Writing ◽  
The Impact

Hedging means mitigating words so as to lessen the impact of an utterance. It may cause uncertainty in language but is regarded as an important feature in English academic writing. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the style of academic writing in English with particular reference to the significant role of hedging and the linguistic features that mark it. The data was taken from academic articles in the humanities written by native speakers of English, Filipino speakers of English, and Thai speakers of English. It is hypothesized that speakers of English as a foreign language use fewer and different hedging devices than native speakers of English. The result of the analysis shows that the prominent linguistic markers of hedging are the auxiliaries may, might, could, the verbs suggest, appear, seem, and the adverbs perhaps and often. They are divided into three groups according to their stylistic attributes of hedging; namely, probability, indetermination, and approximation. The use of hedging found in the data confirms what Hyman (1994) says; i.e., that hedging allows writers to express their uncertainty about the truth of their statements. It is also found that English native speakers use hedges most frequently. The Filipino speakers of English are the second, and the Thai speakers of English use hedges the least frequency. This implies that hedging is likely to be related to the level of competence in English including knowledge of stylistic variation, and that it needs to be formally taught to those who speak English as a second or foreign language.

Language and the Society of Others

Philosophy ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (261) ◽  
pp. 329-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Critical Fields ◽  
Private Language Argument ◽  
Language User

The solitary language user is again stalking the critical fields of Europe (and America, one should add). This pre-social individual, abstracted from all social and historical context, has been seemingly revived after what many of us saw as a death-blow dealt by Wittgenstein in his analysis of the notion of following a rule, and his related discussions bringing out the impossibilities of a ‘private’ language—what has come to be known as Wittgenstein's ‘private language argument’. Just what a ‘private language’ is has become the issue. Did Wittgenstein show that language-use and rule-following essentially and necessarily involved others, and were therefore necessarily social in character (thus showing that to be human and to be rational was necessarily to be social—as Aristotle had it)? Or did his arguments bear only against the notion of a language which was essentially and necessarily private, one which could not in principle be taught to another?

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