Alternative integration procedures in combining multiple exposure routes for the derivation of generic assessment criteria with the CLEA model

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengfang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Multiple Exposure ◽  
Exposure Routes

Multiple exposure routes of a pesticide exacerbate effects on a grazing mayfly

2016 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Joachim Skov Pristed ◽  
Mirco Bundschuh ◽  
Jes Jessen Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Exposure ◽  
Exposure Routes

Human Exposures to N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide Insect Repellents Reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers 1993–1997

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Bell ◽  
Joseph C. Veltri ◽  
Brent C. Page
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
American Association ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Poison Control ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Multiple Exposure ◽  
Poison Control Centers ◽  
Insect Repellents ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Exposure Routes

This study analyzed 20,764 exposures involving insect repellants containing N, N-diethyl- m-toluamide (DEET) that were reported to poison control centers from 1993 to 1997. Nearly 70% of the cases reported no symptoms related to the exposure. The occurrence of symptoms was related to the route of exposure, with the highest rates associated with ocular exposures, followed by inhalation, multiple exposure routes, dermal, andingestion. Two deaths were reported, one in a 26-year-old male and one in a 34-year-old female, both following a dermal exposure. Twenty-six subjects experienced major effects. The greatest number of reported exposures involved infants and children, but this group experienced lower rates of adverse effects than teens or adults. There was no clear relationship between DEET concentration and presence or severity of clinical effects. For the cases reported to poison control centers and included in this analysis, the risk of serious medical effects for labeled use of insect repellants containing N, N-diethyl- m-toluamide appears to be low.

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