Change in Self-Concept Differentiation after Psychotherapy and its Relation to Psychological Maladjustment

2012 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafal Styla
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Psychological Maladjustment

The research was carried out with a group of 105 psychotherapy participants, diagnosed with neurosis or personality disorders, and 36 controls. Analysis supported the hypotheses that self-concept differentiation (SCD) decreases after psychotherapeutic interventions and that the reduction in SCD is positively correlated with an improvement in neurotic symptoms and neurotic personality traits.

Relationship Among Childhood Trauma, Personality Traits, and Personality Disorders

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Michelson ◽  
Catherine Campbell ◽  
Michael S. McCloskey ◽  
Royce Lee ◽  
Emil F. Coccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Childhood Trauma

Machiavellianism and personality disorder: their relationship in the mirror of interpersonal attitudes

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (40) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588
Author(s):  
András Láng
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
Medium Strength

Introduction: Social and personality psychologists have described Machiavellianism as a pragmatic, callous-unemotional, exploitative and manipulative attitude towards others. Several former studies linked Machiavellian personality traits and interpersonal problems or personality dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the connection between Machiavellianism and interpersonal problems that are characteristic of personality disorders. Method: 252 participants (146 females and 106 males, aged 32.46±5.39 years, mean±SD) filled out self-report measures of Machiavellianism and personality disorder related interpersonal problems. Results: There was a medium strength relationships between Machiavellianism and several interpersonal problems. Aggression and ambivalence proved to be significant predictors of Machiavellian personality traits. Conclusions: Results are discussed in relation to the patient–therapist bond. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(39), 1584–1588.

Stress and Personality Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 182-198
Author(s):  
Christina Noel White ◽  
Christopher C. Conway ◽  
Thomas F. Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Early Life Adversity ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Stress Influence

This chapter reviews literature investigating the complex relationships between stress and personality disorders. Various forms of early life adversity, particularly experiences of abuse and neglect, portend the development of personality disorders and maladaptive personality traits later in life. Much of this association appears to be causal (i.e., independent of genetic risk). A comparatively much smaller literature suggests that acute stressful events later in development show complex interrelations with personality disorders. These connections appear to be bidirectional, such that not only does stress influence the development of personality, but personality also influences stress exposure. Additionally, personality traits influence the way in which individuals respond to stressors, both psychologically and physiologically. Our review concludes by underlining enduring methodological problems and conceptual issues that await resolution in future empirical work.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Patient and Informant Assessment of Personality and Cognitive Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tolea ◽  
James Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
State Measure ◽  
Personality Ratings ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations

Abstract Personality has been linked to risk of dementia. Most studies ask individuals to rate their own personality traits or for a knowledgeable informant to perform the rating; few collect data from both. When informants are asked to give an estimate of the patient’s lifelong personality traits, they often describe personality before disease onset. When asked to self-rate, patients may instead assess their personality as they see themselves, providing a personality-state measure. The goal of this study was to assess agreement between two independent measures of personality and evaluate whether stage of cognitive impairment and characteristics of patients or caregivers impact concordance. In 79 consecutive patient-caregiver dyads presenting to our center (mean age:76.8±8.4; 44.1% female; 6% cognitively normal, 41% MCI; and 53% dementia) with in-depth psychosocial and neuropsychological evaluations, we found informants rated patients lower on openness (O) (ICC=0.434; 95%CI: 0.235-0.598) and agreeableness (A) (ICC=0.491; 95%CI: 0.302-0.643) and higher on extraversion (O) (ICC=0.396; 95%CI: 0.191-0.568) and neuroticism (N) (ICC=0.444; 95%CI: 0.247-0.607). Greater discordance was observed in established dementia (ICCE=0.497; 95%CI: 0.222-0.700; ICCA=0.337; 95%CI:0.031-0.586; ICCN=0.422; 95%CI: 0.191-0.683), compared with MCI (ICCO=0.568; 95%CI: 0.282-0.762). We explored the effect of patient and caregiver mood and caregiver burden on personality ratings. Although personality is typically described as a trait, we present evidence that in the eyes of patients, personality ratings may represent a state that changes across the spectrum of cognitive impairment. Understanding how patients and caregivers differentially perceive personality may assist in developing novel psychotherapeutic interventions and approaches dealing with behavioral manifestations of dementia.

A New Look at Personality Disorders Treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S506-S506
Author(s):  
S. Neves ◽  
J. Tudela
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Sociocultural Change ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionMental illness develops and is inseparable from the sociocultural context. The Disturbances may exhibit different symptoms in different cultures. In personality disorders, there is a pathological expansion of normal traits that often demonstrate a sociocultural change. The quality of life of these patients can improve with certain treatments, which appears to be relevant to be achieved.MethodSearch on Pubmed and Medline for original research or review articles published in English or Portuguese in the last 10 years. It used a combination of terms: “personality”, “treatment”, “personality disorder”, “borderline”, “antissocial”, “pharmacotherapy”, and other named personality disorders.Objectives/AimSearch the evidence base and the new perspectives for the effective treatment of personality disorders.ResultsThe same personality traits may be adaptive or non-adaptive in different contexts. So, without changing these characteristics, patients can learn to use them more effectively. In other words, although the therapy did not change the personality traits, it can be modified in the way they affect the behavioral expression.ConclusionsPsychological or psychosocial intervention is recommended as the primary treatment for borderline personality disorder and pharmacotherapy is only advised as an adjunctive treatment. The amount of research about the underlying, abnormal, psychological or biological processes leading to the manifestation of a disordered personality is increasing, which could lead to more effective interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Association between care burden, depression and personality traits in Alzheimer’s caregiver: A pilot study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0251813
Author(s):  
Anna Vespa ◽  
Roberta Spatuzzi ◽  
Paolo Fabbietti ◽  
Martina Penna ◽  
Maria Velia Giulietti
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Interventions ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
High Care ◽  
Social Behaviours

Introduction In this study correlations between care burden, depression, and personality at intrapsychic level in caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients were evaluated. Materials and methods Caregivers: n.40. Tests: Social-schedule; CBI; BDI; SASB-Structural-Analysis of Social Behaviours- Form-A- intrapsychic behaviours (8 Cluster); ECOG. Patients:MMSE. Statistical analysis: Chi-squared test; Anova one way F test; Pearson’s R coefficient. Results Correlations: CBI-total and NPI(p < .001); CBI-total—ECOG (p = .042); CBI-total—BDI(p< .001); CBI- total-SASB-Cl7(p = .014); SASB-CL8(p<0.000); BDI and SASB-Cl 2 (p = .018), SASB-Cl 3 (p = .004), SASB-Cl7(p < .000), SASB-CL8 (p < .000). High CBI is correlated with high depression, neuropsychiatry symptoms, low cognitive patient’s functions. Caregivers have the following intrapsychic behaviors: poor self-care, poor ability to take care of themselves; they exercise control over themselves and do not consider and/or ignore their basic needs at emotional and physical levels. These intrapsychic behaviours are indicators of depression (SASB Model) and are correlated with high care burden–CBI and high depression-CDQ. Discussion Care burden is closely related to the depression and individual personality (intrapsychic experience) of the caregiver. This may reveal a source of strength and may suggest areas of multidimensional and psychotherapeutic interventions.

Personality Disorders

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosefa A. Ehrlich ◽  
Amir Garakani ◽  
Stephanie R Pavlos ◽  
Larry Siever
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Organizational System ◽  
Medical Disorders

Personality can be defined as an organizational system of self that shapes the manner in which a person interacts with his or her environment. Personality traits develop in adolescence or early adulthood and are thought to be shaped by early childhood experiences and enduring throughout a lifetime. Personality traits that prevent an individual from being able to function in society or that cause significant distress are diagnosed as personality disorders. A thorough history is needed to rule out other psychiatric and medical disorders. This chapter reviews the diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, prevalence, etiology (including genetics and neurobiology), prognosis, and treatment of paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive, and dependent personality disorders. A discussion of the relevance of personality disorders to primary care practices and approaches to managing such patients is also included. Tables describe the diagnostic criteria of each personality disorder. Figures illustrate the prevalence of personality disorders in the general and psychiatric populations; schizotypal personality disorder in the community, general population, and clinical population; childhood trauma in individuals with personality disorder; and comorbid disorders in individuals with borderline personality disorder. A model of brain processing in borderline personality disorder is also featured. This chapter contains 5 highly rendered figures, 10 tables, 230 references, and 5 MCQs.

Personality disorders

2015 ◽  
pp. 277-294
Author(s):  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Life History ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Subjective Distress ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Dependence Versus ◽  
Behavioural Patterns

Personality disorders (PD) concern inflexible and maladaptive cognitive, emotional, and behavioural patterns, which cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress. One group of PD is characterized by ‘eccentricity’, another by ‘dramatic’ behaviour, and a third cluster by predominant anxiety. Personality traits reflect individual patterns of behaviour that serve the purpose to achieve important biosocial goals. These behaviours can be grouped according to their interpersonal meaning: dominance versus submission; competition versus cooperation; dependence versus nurturance; assertion versus avoidance; aggression versus defence; and risk-taking versus harm avoidance. From a life-history perspective, personality traits, as well as personality disorders representing the extremes of variation of normal trait distribution, can be differentiated into ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ life-history strategies. Predictions about future resource availability arise from early childhood experiences with caregivers and the interaction of these experiences with genes involved in the regulation of aggression, attachment, etc.

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