Effects of Audience and Anxiety Level on Learning and Performance of a Complex Gross Motor Skill by College Women

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1103-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vann Q. Hutchinson ◽  
Doyice J. Cotten
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Audience Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Initial Score ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Gross Motor Skill

To determine the effects of passive male and female audiences on performance and learning of a complex, gross motor skill, 144 female freshmen were selected from 4 distinct state anxiety levels based on combined scores on the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale and Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Within each anxiety group, Ss learned a ball-throwing task under one of three conditions with audience. Performance was adversely affected for highly anxious Ss with a male audience. Analysis of learning scores [(final score — initial score) ÷ (maximum score possible — initial score)] indicated that none of the audience conditions affected learning at any anxiety level.

Local and total body fatigue effects on learning and performance of a gross motor skill

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151???153
Author(s):  
DOYICE J. COTTON ◽  
WILLIAM E. SPIETH ◽  
JERRY R. THOMAS ◽  
JUDSON L. BIASIOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gross Motor Skill ◽  
Learning And Performance

Relationship of Reaction Time and Movement Time in a Gross Motor Skill

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Groves
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Gross Motor Skill

The purpose of the study was to investigate the independence of reaction time (RT) and movement time (MT) in a gross motor skill, the racing start in swimming. RT and MT were quantified for each S by counting frames of film for five trials. The Pearson product-moment coefficient of –.231 ( p > .05) between means indicated that RT and MT were independent factors.

Temporary Fatigue Effects in a Gross Motor Skill

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyice J. Cotten ◽  
Jerry R. Thomas ◽  
William R. Spieth ◽  
Judson Biasiotto
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skill

Heritability of Motor Skill

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. T. Williams ◽  
J. B. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Error Variance ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Balance Task ◽  
And Performance

A total of 22 monozygotic (MZ) and 41 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs were given 72 trials on a stabilometer balance task over six days to study the extent of the genetic contribution to learning and performance of a gross motor skill. The expectations that interindividual differences would be less for the MZ than for the DZ twins and that intraindividual variability would not be different between the two groups were supported. Intraclass correlations were used to provide estimates for the proportions of total phenotypic variance accounted for by heritability (h2), systematic environmental variance (E2), and nonsystematic environmental effects (e2). Heritability was found to be low during the early stages of learning, before it increased to stabilize at approximately 65% for the remaining practice. E2 was highest during these early stages (24%), then declined quickly to stabilize at half that level. Error variance (e2) constituted the remaining variance. Learning profiles of the twin pairs were also analyzed, with a greater intrapair resemblance being found for the MZ twins. The present findings indicate that, for gross motor skills, there is considerable potential for influencing both the levels of performance (and learning) and the differences between individuals by judicious use of systematic environmental effects.

Social Anxiety in Chinese Adults with Oral-Facial Clefts

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy W. Berk ◽  
Margaret E. Cooper ◽  
You-e Liu ◽  
Mary L. Marazita
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Clefts ◽  
Distress Scale

Objective This study examined social anxiety and measures of psychosocial adjustment in Chinese adults with oral-facial clefts, their unaffected siblings, and age-matched controls. Design This cross-sectional study utilized a matched case-control study design. Participants Eighty-five adult cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/CP) subjects and 85 unaffected siblings (one adult sibling of each CL/CP subject) were recruited in Shanghai, China, from a larger CL/CP study. Eighty-five unaffected controls, gender- and age-matched to the CL/CP subjects, were recruited from Shanghai work units including factories, universities, and other institutions. Outcome Measures Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Results Affected adults reported significantly more social anxiety than unaffected siblings and controls. Affected adults also scored significantly lower on measures of self-esteem and social support than unaffected siblings and controls. Unaffected siblings and controls were not found to differ on any of these measures. Conclusions Findings suggest that individuals with oral-facial clefts may be more disadvantaged with respect to social affiliation and adaptation than unaffected adults. Cross-cultural research is essential in enabling us to determine whether similar trends exist across cultures.

Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale – Straightforward Items (BFNE-S): Psychometric Properties in a Spanish Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 981-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Gallego Pitarch
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Fear Of Negative Evaluation ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Generalized Social Phobia

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale – Straightforward Items (BFNE-S) in a non-clinical Spanish population. Rodebaugh et al. (2004) recommended the use of this scale composed of 8 straightforwardly-worded items, instead of the 12-item version of the BFNE. The sample consisted of 542 undergraduate students, 71.3% of whom were women and 28.7% were men; the mean age was 21.71 (4.78) years. Exploratory factor analysis produced one factor which accounted for 51.28% of variance. The internal consistency of the scale was α = .89. The BFNE-S correlated with the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (r = .44), the Personal Report of Confidence as Speaker – Modified (r = .44), the Public Speaking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (r = -.38) and both subscales of the Self-Statements during Public Speaking (SSPS-P r = -.22; SSPS-N r = .53). ANOVAs revealed significant differences in the BFNE-S amongst a non-clinical population, persons suffering from specific social phobia, non-generalized social phobia and generalized social phobia.

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