Machover Revisited: Impact of Sex-Role Orientation on Sex Sequence on the Draw-a-Person Test

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele A. Paludi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Diagnostic Use ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Figure Drawings

A significant relationship was obtained between sex of first figure drawn on the Draw-A-Person test and sex-role orientation, as operationalized by scores on the Bern Sex-role Inventory of 76 male and 93 female introductory psychology students. The most striking finding was that most of the women who drew the opposite-sex figure first were “feminine.” To the extent that sex-role orientations can be empirically amalgamated with sex sequence, subsequent theory and research into clinical and diagnostic use of human figure drawings would increase in precision.

Sex-Role Orientation of College Students and Their Same-Sex Parents

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 699-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy J. Karylowski ◽  
William Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Same Sex Parents

The study examined similarities and differences between sex-role orientations of college students and their same-sex parents. College undergraduates filled out the Bem Sex-role Inventory twice: once to describe themselves and the second time to describe their same-sex parents. The inventory was also used to obtain parental self-reports. Compared to their perceptions of their same-sex parents, male students described themselves as more feminine and female students described themselves as more masculine. Also, male students described their fathers as less feminine and female students described their mothers as both less masculine and less feminine than the parents described themselves. Students' femininity scores correlated significantly with the parental femininity scores both actual and perceived, however, no consistent relationship was found for the masculinity scores. Androgynous students and students with the reversed sex-role orientation perceived their parents as androgynous and reversed, respectively.

Sex-Typed May Be Beautiful but Androgynous is Good

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Stimulus Person ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Attraction ◽  
Opposite Sex

The effects of a stimulus person's sex-role orientation on both opposite-sex attraction and attribution of physical attractiveness were assessed. Male and female undergraduates, classified as sex-typed or androgynous according to their scores on the Bern Sex-role Inventory, were asked to form impressions of two members of the opposite sex on the basis of some of their responses to the inventory. The protocols were actually bogus and were contrived to represent a feminine female, a masculine male, and an androgynous person (same for both sexes). Each subject was given one sex-typed and one androgynous protocol and was asked to form impressions of both. The results indicated that both androgynous and sex-typed females liked the androgynous male significantly more than the masculine one, although males did not differentiate between the two females. Moreover, significantly greater physical attractiveness was attributed to the sex-typed stimulus person than to the androgynous one.

Sex-Role Orientations of Female NCAA Championship Gymnasts

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Edwards ◽  
Richard D. Gordin ◽  
Keith P. Henschen
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Female Gymnasts

84 female gymnasts at the 1982 National Collegiate Athletic Association National Gymnastics Championships completed the Bern Sex-role Inventory. The data were compared with previously published data on sex-role orientations of female athletes and nonathletes. The gymnasts' sex-role orientations were significantly different from both the normative sample of college students and the previously published sex-role orientations of track and field athletes. These results support the hypothesis that sex-role orientation may be a major determinant in the choice to participate in some women's sports.

Relationships between Cognitive Flexibility and Sex-Role Orientation in Young Adults

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bruce Carter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Role Orientations

This study examined relationships between sex-role orientation and cognitive flexibility in young adults, specifically, differences in cognitive flexibility between persons with different sex-role orientations and the contributions of masculinity and femininity to the differences observed. A sample of 100 men and 100 women completed the Bern Sex-role Inventory and a test of cognitive flexibility. Androgynous individuals were expected to exhibit greater cognitive flexibility than traditionally sex-typed, i.e., masculine and feminine, or undifferentiated individuals. Men scored significantly higher on this measure than women. Androgynous individuals, as predicted, were cognitively more flexible than were feminine or undifferentiated individuals, but no differences emerged between androgynous and masculine persons. Further study of cognitive correlates of sex-role orientation seem appropriate.

Locus of Control and Traditional/Non-Traditional Sex-Role Orientations in a Sample of British Female Undergraduates

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1015-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammie Chasia ◽  
Isidore E. Eyo
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Major Determinant ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Role Perceptions ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Orientation Scores ◽  
Role Orientations

67 British female undergraduates were categorized as “traditional” ( n = 21), “mixed” ( n = 26), and “contemporary” ( n = 20) on the basis of their scores on two sex-role orientation scales. Relationships were then investigated between their locus of control and sex-role orientation scores. While some likelihood existed that the more traditional the subjects were in role orientation the more external they tended to be, sizeable proportions of both internals and externals were in all three categories. Locus of control could not be regarded as a major determinant of adherence or non-adherence to traditional sex-role perceptions. Caution in generalizing the results was therefore suggested. Moreover, the two sex-role orientation scales were differentially effective in separating internals and externals; a reexamination of scale contents was suggested.

A Comparative Study of Narcissism, Gender, and Sex-Role Orientation among Bodybuilders, Athletes, and Psychology Students

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Salient Feature ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory ◽  
Popular View

This research examined the popular view expressed by Lasch and by Lowen that narcissism is a particularly salient feature among bodybuilders. It also was designed to test hypothesized gender and sex-role differences in narcissism. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Bern Sex-role Inventory were administered to 232 participants within three groups of bodybuilders, athletes, and psychology students. Analysis indicated that bodybuilders scored significantly higher on the Self-absorption subscale of the Narcissism inventory than athletes and psychology students. Men and the masculine group scored significantly higher on the total Narcissism scale and the four subscales than women and androgynous, feminine, and undifferentiated groups.

Achievement Motivation and Sex-Role Orientation of High School Female Track and Field Athletes versus Nonathletes

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Henschen ◽  
S. W. Edwards ◽  
L. Mathinos
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Role Orientations ◽  
Female High School

To investigate the differences between female high school track and field athletes ( n = 67) and nonathletes ( n = 67) on level of achievement motivation on Mehrabian's Scale of Achieving Tendency and for sex-role orientation on the Bern Sex-role Inventory. Differences in achievement motivation between the athletes and nonathletes and among the four groups representing sex-role orientation were assessed by a 2 × 4 analysis of variance. Relationships among the dependent variables, namely, achievement motivation and scores on feminine, masculine, and androgynous scales of Bern's inventory were calculated using Pearson coefficients. Female athletes exhibited significantly higher achievement motivation than did the nonathletic girls. Also, high achievement motivation was related to androgynous and masculine sex roles, while low achievement motivation was associated with feminine and undifferentiated sex-role orientations.

Exploring the Relationship Between Sex-role Orientation and Social-sexual Effectiveness

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Nelson ◽  
Travis Martin ◽  
Deena Oaks ◽  
Rebecca Stuver ◽  
Rick Wright
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
The Relationship

SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION AND MARITAL ADJUSTMENT

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Davidson ◽  
Donna L. Sollie
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Symbolic Interaction ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theory Interpretation

The relationship between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment was investigated. Using a sample of 112 married couples, husbands and wives separately completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The hypotheses tested were based on the assumption that an androgynous sex-role orientation, which incorporates both instrumental and expressive capacities, would be most positively related to self and spouse's marital adjustment, while an undifferentiated orientation would be least related. Results indicated that in general both androgynous and sex-typed individuals and their spouses were significantly higher in marital adjustment than were undifferentiated individuals and their spouses. In addition, spousal sex-role types were found to be related and couples in which both partners were classified as undifferentiated reported the lowest levels of marital adjustment while androgynous couples and sex-typed couples reported greater levels of marital adjustment. The results were discussed in relation to their support for a symbolic interaction/ role theory interpretation of the association between sex-role orientation and marital adjustment.

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