Microgenetic Patterns of Adaptation on the Stroop Task by Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Duodenal Peptic Ulcer

1990 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alex Rubino ◽  
Silvia Grasso ◽  
Bianca Pezzarossa
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Change

Microgenetic patterns of adaptation on the Stroop task were assessed by means of the Serial Color-Word Test given 21 patients with bronchial asthma and 20 with duodenal peptic ulcer, who were compared with 41 normal controls matched for sex, age, and education. Two measures were calculated on each of the five trials of the test, one of linear change and one of nonlinear change in reading times. As predicted, patients presented more frequently patterns characterized by high nonlinear change and less frequently stabilized patterns (low linear and nonlinear change of reading speed). Linear and nonlinear change were then calculated on the five linear change scores and the five nonlinear change scores; again patients presented more frequently patterns characterized by high nonlinear change on both the linear change scores and nonlinear change scores and less frequently stabilized patterns. These findings indicate strong similarities between the adaptation patterns of patients with ulcer and asthma and the microgenetic patterns previously known to characterize neurotic and psychotic patients. Furthermore, scores on the Serial Color-Word Test also differentiated between ulcer and asthma groups.

Patterns of Adaptation to Conflict in Bulimia and Temporo-Mandibular Joint Disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alex Rubino ◽  
Luigi Baggi ◽  
Lorenzo San Martino ◽  
Massimo Cuzzolaro ◽  
Bianca Pezzarossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Mandibular Joint ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Analytical Functions ◽  
Joint Disorder ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Change

Two age- and education-matched groups of 45 women, respectively, with the diagnoses of Bulimia and of Temporo-mandibular Joint Disorder, were administered the Serial Color-Word Test, to assess differences in the pattern of adaptation to conflict (the latter being represented by the Stroop task). Three types of norms (clinical, nonclinical and based on reading times) and the functions derived from a previous cluster analysis were employed. Comparisons utilizing clinical norms and cluster analytical functions did not significantly differentiate between groups. According to both nonclinical norms and norms based on reading rimes, the two clinical groups were significantly different concerning the distribution of adaptation patterns. Bulimic patients resorted more often to the Dissociative pattern (high nonlinear change of reading times), while temporomandibular patients were characterized by the Cumulative pattern (high linear change) and, secondarily, by the Cumulative-Dissociative pattern (high linear and nonlinear change). Intergroup differences were more marked when employing the new norms based on reading times.

Microgenetic Styles of Regulation in Schizophrenia

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alex Rubino ◽  
Emilia Del Monaco ◽  
Maria Teresa Rocchi ◽  
Bianca Pezzarossa
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Change

Styles of adaptation to the Stroop task were studied with the Serial Color-Word Test among 50 schizophrenic patients and 50 sex- and age-matched clinical controls. Measures of linear (R) and nonlinear change (V) in reading times were derived for each of the five interference trials. Schizophrenia was significantly characterized by (1) a high sum of nonlinear change, (2) the Cumulative-Dissociative pattern (high R and high V), (3) concomitantly high secondary Vs (V of the 5 Rs and V of the 5 Vs), and (4) Cumulative-Dissociative secondary patterns (gradual increase of both linear and nonlinear change on both the 5 Rs and the 5 Vs).

General Cognitive Abilities and Patterns of Adaptation: For Serial Color–Word Test Norms Based on Reading Times

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alex Rubino ◽  
Maria Claps ◽  
Valeria Zanna ◽  
Maria Cristina ◽  
Caramia Bianca Pezzarossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Color Word ◽  
General Level ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Classification Procedure ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
Nonlinear Change ◽  
Positive Correlations

In a pool of 859 clinical and nonclinical Serial Color-Word Test protocols, significant positive correlations were observed between reading times on the Stroop task and measures of linear and nonlinear change. Especially nonlinear change, both within and between the five subtests, showed high correlations with reading times. To derive new time-related norms, the sample was divided into five time groups of the same size and stratified medians were calculated for each of the variables of the test. The new classification procedure should permit an assessment of patterns of adaptation less dependent on the general level of perceptual-cognitive functioning.

Effects of Influenza and the Common Cold on the Stroop Color-Word Test

1992 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
The Common ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Two experiments examined the effects of experimentally induced upper respiratory viral infections on selective attention. In Exp. 1, 61 adults were challenged with a cold-producing virus; analysis showed no effect of infection or illness on performance of the Stroop task. In contrast to this the results of Exp. 2, involving 27 adults, showed that influenza increased distractibility from irrelevant stimuli.

Semantic Conflict Processing in the Color-Word Stroop and the Emotional Stroop

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Zurrón ◽  
Marta Ramos-Goicoa ◽  
Fernando Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Incongruent Color ◽  
Semantic Conflict ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Temporal Locus

With the aim of establishing the temporal locus of the semantic conflict in color-word Stroop and emotional Stroop phenomena, we analyzed the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited by nonwords, incongruent and congruent color words, colored words with positive and negative emotional valence, and colored words with neutral valence. The incongruent, positive, negative, and neutral stimuli produced interference in the behavioral response to the color of the stimuli. The P150/N170 amplitude was sensitive to the semantic equivalence of both dimensions of the congruent color words. The P3b amplitude was smaller in response to incongruent color words and to positive, negative, and neutral colored words than in response to the congruent color words and colored nonwords. There were no differences in the ERPs induced in response to colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence. Therefore, the P3b amplitude was sensitive to interference from the semantic content of the incongruent, positive, negative, and neutral words in the color-response task, independently of the emotional content of the colored words. In addition, the P3b amplitude was smaller in response to colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence than in response to the incongruent color words. Overall, these data indicate that the temporal locus of the semantic conflict generated by the incongruent color words (in the color-word Stroop task) and by colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence (in the emotional Stroop task) appears to occur in the range 300–450 ms post-stimulus.

VIDEO GAMES AND THE ELDERLY

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Goldstein ◽  
Lara Cajko ◽  
Mark Oosterbroek ◽  
Moniek Michielsen ◽  
Oscar Van Houten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test

This study examined the effects of playing video games (Super Tetris) on the reaction time, cognitive/perceptual adaptability, and emotional well-being of 22 noninstitutionalized elderly people aged 69 to 90. Volunteers in an elderly community in the Netherlands were randomly assigned to a videogameplaying experimental group or a nonplaying control group. The televisions of the 10 videogame players were provided with Nintendo SuperNes systems. Participants played Super Tetris 5 hours a week for 5 weeks, and maintained a log of their play. Before and after this play period, measures of reaction time (Sternberg Test; Steinberg, 1969), cognitive/perceptual adaptability (Stroop Color Word Test; Stroop, 1935), and emotional well-being (self-report questionnaire) were administered. Playing video games was related to a significant improvement in the Sternberg reaction time task, and to a relative increase in selfreported well-being. On the Stroop Color Word Test, both the experimental and control groups improved significantly, but the difference between groups was not statistically significant. The videogame-playing group had faster reaction times and felt a more positive sense of well-being compared to their nonplaying counterparts. Consistent with previous research on video games and the elderly, the present study finds the strongest effects on measures of reaction time, and the weakest effects on cognitive performance measures. Explanations and alternative interpretations of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Detecting the significance of changes in performance on the Stroop Color-Word Test, Rey's Verbal Learning Test, and the Letter Digit Substitution Test: The regression-based change approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
WIM VAN DER ELST ◽  
MARTIN P.J. VAN BOXTEL ◽  
GERARD J.P. VAN BREUKELEN ◽  
JELLE JOLLES
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Total Recall ◽  
Word Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stroop Color Word Test ◽  
Learning Test

Serial neuropsychological assessment is often conducted to monitor changes in the cognitive abilities of individuals over time. Because practice effects occur and the reliability of test scores is less than perfect, it is difficult to judge whether varying test results should be attributed to chance trends or to real changes in underlying cognitive abilities. In a large sample of adults (age range, 49–81 years), we evaluated the influence of age, gender, and education on test–retest changes in performance after 3 years on Rey's Verbal Learning Test (VLT), the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), and the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST). A new statistical method was applied to assess the significance of changes in test performance (i.e., the regression-based change method). The results showed that test–retest changes differed as a function of age for the VLT Total recall 1–3, VLT Total recall 1–5, VLT Delayed recall, and LDST measures. An age × gender interaction was found for the SCWT Interference change score, suggesting that the age-related decline in executive functioning after 3 years was more pronounced for males than for females. A normative change table with appropriate corrections for the relevant independent variables was established. (JINS, 2008,14, 71–80.)

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