Why Do Women Exercise? Factor Analysis and Further Validation of the Reasons for Exercise Inventory

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Cash ◽  
Pamela L. Now ◽  
Jill R. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Mood Management ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Reasons For Exercise ◽  
Weekly Frequency

This investigation examined the factor structure and correlates of the Reasons for Exercise Inventory among 101 exercising women. Subjects completed the 24-item inventory (with one added item), reported their weekly frequency of exercise, and completed two standardized body-image measures. Factor analysis indicated that, with minor modifications, the instrument has an internally consistent structure with four factors of Appearance/Weight Management, Fitness/Health Management, Stress/ Mood Management, and Socializing. Appearance/Weight Management was associated with a more negative body image independent of actual body mass and was the only motive related to self-reported frequency of exercise.

Predictors of Self-Objectification in New Female Fitness Center Members

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Prichard ◽  
Marika Tiggemann
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Fitness Center ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Reasons For Exercise ◽  
Self Objectification

This study aimed to identify predictors of self-objectification among exercising women. A brief questionnaire incorporating demographic questions and measures of self-objectification was completed by 133 new female fitness center members (aged 16 to 68 years) upon joining a fitness center and 12 months later. Results demonstrated that young women who remained fitness center members had greater self-objectification at 12 months than women who ceased their memberships. Furthermore, both initial age and reasons for exercise predicted subsequent increases in self-objectification. Specifically, being younger, as well as being more motivated by appearance-related reasons to exercise, predicted self-objectification at 12 months. These findings suggest that young women exercising within the fitness center environment may be at an increased risk of developing self-objectification, one of the predictors of negative body image and disordered eating.

Sex Differences in Exercise Motivation and Body-Image Satisfaction among College Students

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy L. Smith ◽  
Priscilla Handley ◽  
Dee Ann Eldredge
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Exercise Motivation ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Exercising Women ◽  
Reasons For Exercise

The current study was an expansion of one by Cash, Novy, and Grant in 1994, in which responses of 101 female nursing students were examined for associations between reasons for exercise, frequency of exercise, and body-image satisfaction. In the current study, 78 male and 100 female undergraduates between the ages of 18 and 25 years ( M = 21.2, SD=1.9) from various majors completed a demographics/frequency of exercise survey, two body-assessment inventories, and the Reasons for Exercise Inventory of Silberstein, Striegel-Moore, Timko, and Rodin. Contrary to Cash, et al.'s findings, only health and fitness reasons were predictive of women's frequency of exercise, and women's dissatisfaction with specific bodily attributes was not significantly related to any reasons for exercising; however, like women in their sample, the current students who experienced more situational body dissatisfaction exercised for appearance and weight control. Sex comparisons indicated similar dissatisfaction with specific bodily attributes among men and women, but values were not significantly associated with any reasons for exercising. Women reported higher situational body dissatisfaction and exercising for appearance-related reasons more than men. Current participants may represent a more diverse group than previously tested, and the inventory's factor structure may not be generalizable to men and women.

Body-Image Attitudes: Evaluation, Investment, and Affect

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1168-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
College Women ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Optimal Prediction ◽  
Negative Body Image

The structure of the attitudinal body-image construct was examined by factor analysis of 11 body-image measures among 279 college women. Results support a distinction between evaluative or affective and cognitive-behavioral investment components. Multiple regression analysis further indicated that the optimal prediction of negative body-image affect requires both evaluative and investment aspects of body image.

scholarly journals Emotional Eating in Adolescence: Effects of Emotion Regulation, Weight Status and Negative Body Image

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Lenka H. Shriver ◽  
Jessica M. Dollar ◽  
Susan D. Calkins ◽  
Susan P. Keane ◽  
Lilly Shanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotional Eating ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Increased Risk

Emotional eating is associated with an increased risk of binge eating, eating in the absence of hunger and obesity risk. While previous studies with children and adolescents suggest that emotion regulation may be a key predictor of this dysregulated eating behavior, little is known about what other factors may be influencing the link between emotional regulation and emotional eating in adolescence. This multi-method longitudinal study (n = 138) utilized linear regression models to examine associations between childhood emotion regulation, adolescent weight status and negative body image, and emotional eating at age 17. Emotion regulation predicted adolescent emotional eating and this link was moderated by weight status (β = 1.19, p < 0.01) and negative body image (β = −0.34, p < 0.01). Higher engagement in emotional eating was predicted by lower emotional regulation scores among normal-weight teens (β = −0.46, p < 0.001) but not among overweight/obese teens (β = 0.32, p > 0.10). Higher scores on emotion regulation were significantly associated with lower emotional eating at high (β = −1.59, p < 0.001) and low (β = −1.00, p < 0.01) levels of negative body image. Engagement in emotional eating was predicted by higher negative body image among overweight/obese teens only (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). Our findings show that while better childhood emotion regulation skills are associated with lower emotional eating, weight status and negative body image influence this link and should be considered as important foci in future interventions that aim to reduce emotional eating in adolescence.

scholarly journals On Redefining the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire: A Preliminary Test of Multidimensionality

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Filipe Rodrigues ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
Pedro Flores ◽  
Pedro Forte
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Image Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Psychometric Quality

The aim of the present study was to examine the Body Image Satisfaction Questionnaire (BISQ) as a multidimensional instrument, designed to measure individuals’ body image satisfaction. A sample of 790 Portuguese healthy adults (female = 399; male = 391) aged 18 and 49 years old (M = 28.61, SD = 7.97) completed the BISQ. Exploratory factor analysis of the BISQ provided initial psychometric validity for a five-factor model assessing five dimensions of body image, namely, face, upper torso, lower torso, lower body, and overall body appearance. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this five-correlated model, in which a bifactor model provided the best fit to the data, defining a body image satisfaction factor and five specific factors. The BISQ clearly distinguished between various dimensions of body image satisfaction and showed satisfactory psychometric quality through factor analyses. This measure may have a broad application for research and practice, as a tool for capturing individual body image satisfaction.

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