Mechanical Perturbation of Jaw Movements during Speech: Effects on Articulation and Phonation

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1108-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bauer ◽  
Lutz Jäncke ◽  
Karl Theodor Kalveram
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Load Application ◽  
Mechanical Perturbation ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Stress Patterns

12 subjects uttered the testword /papapas/ repeatedly with three different speech rates and two stress patterns. On 17% randomly chosen trials, a mechanical load was applied unpredictably to the jaw in the direction of the opening movement. Load onset was triggered by the start of the first phonation. Analysis showed that the opening and closing displacements of the jaw movement in the first syllable were not influenced significantly by the perturbation. The load application prolonged the duration of the jaw movement in unstressed syllables but not in stressed syllables. Further, the mechanical perturbation of the jaw led to increased duration of phonation in unstressed syllables only, the effect for duration of phonation being greater at higher speech rates. These results demonstrate a coupling between articulation and phonation.

Rotation and Translation of the Jaw During Speech

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Edwards ◽  
Katherine S. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Rigid Body Model ◽  
Hinge Axis ◽  
Opening And Closing

A two-dimensional rigid-body model of jaw movement was used to describe jaw opening and closing gestures for vowels and for bilabial and alveolar consonants. Jaw movements were decomposed into three components: (a) rotation about the terminal hinge axis, (b) the horizontal translation of that axis, and (c) the vertical translation of that axis. Data were collected for 3 subjects in two separate recording sessions. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationships among the three jaw movement components. For 2 subjects, but not for the third, an interdependence between jaw rotation and the first principal component of jaw translation, horizontal translation, was observed. For these 2 subjects, the first degree of freedom of jaw movement corresponded to a combination of rotation and the first principal component of jaw translation. For the third subject, the first degree of freedom of jaw movement corresponded to rotation alone. The results of this study, like those of Westbury (1988), indicate that an accurate description of jaw movement during speech requires the recording of two points of jaw movement.

Threshold for Detection of Incisal Forces Is Increased by Jaw Movement

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.F Sowman ◽  
R.S.A. Brinkworth ◽  
K.S. Türker
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Opening And Closing

Current knowledge regarding the sensitivity of the teeth to forces is based on psychophysical experiments that measured touch detection thresholds under static jaw conditions. It is not known whether jaw movements alter the perception of forces applied to the teeth, but, based on limb movement studies, it is hypothesized that the perception of mechanoreceptor outputs will be downwardly modulated by jaw movements. We predicted that, compared with static jaw conditions, rhythmic jaw movements would be associated with significantly higher psychophysical thresholds for the detection of incisally applied forces. In eight participants, mechanical pulses were delivered to an incisor during static jaw holding or during cyclic jaw opening and closing. Analogous to findings in human limbs, the psychophysical salience of periodontal mechanoreceptor feedback was downwardly modulated by physiologically relevant movements; detection thresholds for mechanical pulses applied to a central incisor were significantly higher during jaw-closing movements than during static jaw positioning.

Coordination of Tongue Pressure and Jaw Movement in Mastication

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hori ◽  
T. Ono ◽  
T. Nokubi
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Palatal Plate

The tongue plays an important role in mastication and swallowing by its contact with the hard palate. Using an experimental palatal plate with 7 pressure sensors, and recording jaw movement using mandibular kinesiography, we assessed, in healthy subjects, the coordination of tongue and jaw movements during the entire masticatory sequence of solids, by measuring tongue pressure against the hard palate. Tongue pressure appeared during the occlusal phase, reached a peak near the start of opening, and disappeared during opening. Specific patterns in order, duration, and magnitude of tongue pressure were seen at the 7 pressure sensors in each chewing stroke. Magnitude and duration were significantly larger in the late stage of chewing (8 strokes before initial swallowing) than in the early stage (until 8 strokes after starting mastication). The normal pattern of tongue contact against the hard palate, control of tongue activity, and coordination with jaw movement during mastication is described.

scholarly journals Development of 2-D Jaw Movement Simulator (JSN/S1)

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Nakajima ◽  
◽  
Toyohiko Hayashi ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Neural Network Learning ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Network Learning ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Muscle Actuators ◽  
Dc Servomotor

Human mastication is performed by coordinated activities of several jaw muscles. To clarify functions of these muscles, we developed a jaw movement simulator (JSN/Sl) consisting of a 2 degrees of freedom (2DOF) mechanism and five muscle actuators able to reproduce jaw movements on a sagittal plane. The actuator is a cable-tendon driven by a DC servomotor controlled by a compliance control scheme to obtain viscoelastic muscle characteristics. To simulate life-like clenching, we controlled occlusal position and force by incorporating position and force sensors, using neural network learning control. Occlusal force successfully converged to a desired value through learning. Tension patterns of muscle actuators during clenching well coincided with human jaw activities.

scholarly journals Opening and Closing Jaw Movements of Young Children who Stutter

2016 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P Buhr ◽  
Patricia Zebrowksi ◽  
Jerald Moon ◽  
Victoria Tumanova ◽  
Richard Arenas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Opening And Closing

Occlusal Movements of the Brushtail Possum, Trichosurus-Vulpecula, From Microwear on the Teeth

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
WG Young ◽  
CKP Brennan ◽  
RI Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Dental Wear ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Mandibular Molars ◽  
Molar Teeth

This study characterises the jaw movements of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, from an analysis of microwear on the premolar and molar teeth. From 10 skulls of T, vulpecula, micrographs of tooth replicas which exhibitied progressive degrees of dental wear were examined for the location of wear facets and the orientation of striae on them. These data were transferred to transparencies overlying occlusal photographs of the jaws. Two movements, a vertical sectorial movement in the premolars segment and an anteromedial shearing and grinding stroke in the molar segment, were inferred. The directions of wear striations with respect to the sagittal plane supported the concept that the mandible rotates around the contralateral condyle from the working side. No evidence of balancing contact facets were found on the teeth of the contralateral side, in agreement with an anisognathous jaw movement. Videoradiographic observations of the chewing cycle of one brush-tailed possum confirmed that puncture crushing is employed early in the chewing cycle, followed by an anisognathous labiolingual transit of the mandibular molars. However, the resolution of the condyle by videoradiography was insufficient to determine the point of rotation of the jaw movements.

scholarly journals Changes of the Rumination Characteristics in Dairy Cows After Change TMR Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157
Author(s):  
Peter Juhás ◽  
Katarína Špulerová ◽  
Klára Vavrišínová ◽  
Katarína Hozáková ◽  
Peter Strapák
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Reproduction Management ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Rumination behavior in cattle is important for health and reproduction management of herd. The aim of presented paper was to evaluate change in rumination behavior in dairy cattle after changing total mixed ration (TMR) composition. Twenty-eight multiparous Red Holstein dairy cows were observed during rumination in first month after calving and in fourth month after calving. Cows were fed different total mixed ratio at beginning of lactation in first month after calving (TMR1) and in mid of lactation period in fourth month after calving (TMR2). TMR2 has higher content of roughage. Length of the single rumination period and number of jaw movements during rumination one bolus were recorded. Frequency of jaw movement per minute was calculated from recorded rumination characteristics. Rumination of one bolus TMR2 was longer (TMR1 = 53.97 ±8.241 sec, TMR2 = 57.57 ±6.290 sec) and cow perform more jaw movements (TMR1 = 61.0 ±10.674, TMR2 = 65.99 ±9.682) than ruminating bolus TMR1. Difference in duration of rumination one bolus as well as number of jaw movement was significant (P < 0.001). Frequency of jaw movement was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) and seem to be intra-individual stable. Rumination evaluated by correlation of rumination characteristics for TMR1 and TMR2 was intra-individual stable despite of changes in times of jaw movement and duration of one bolus rumination.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF THE USE OF OCCLUSAL SPLINTS IN PATIENTS WITH TMJ PAIN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME ACCORDING TO KINESIOGRAPHY DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Myagkova ◽  
Nikolay Styazhkin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Tests ◽  
Occlusal Splint ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Occlusal Splints ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Tmj Pain ◽  
The Common ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Percutaneous Electroneurostimulation

Subject. Syndrome of pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint is one of the common pathologies of TMJ. Patients with this diagnosis complain of a violation of the movements of the lower jaw, discomfort and pain in the joint. The writings of many authors contain a deep and comprehensive discussion of various aspects of this problem, and scientific justification is given that TMJ dysfunction is almost always accompanied by muscle symptoms. One method of treatment is the use of occlusal splints. In this regard, the task of determining the effectiveness of eliminating muscular-articular dysfunction using individual occlusal splints is relevant. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment of TMJ dysfunction with occlusal splints according to kinesiography. Methodology. The kinesiographic study on the Myotronics K7 apparatus consisted of sequentially performing functional tests (opening and closing the mouth, lower jaw movements to the side) and using the method of percutaneous electroneurostimulation. In the treatment of all patients, an occlusal positioner splint was used, which was made individually in an articulator using an interocclusal register in the neuromuscular position of the lower jaw. The average treatment period was 4.5 months with monthly adjustments to the occlusal splint. Results. As a result of treatment with the use of the occlusal splint, disturbances in the trajectory in the transverse (in 70 % of cases) and sagittal (in 65 % of cases) planes were eliminated, the position of the lower jaw in the neuromuscular position (in 100 % of cases) was normalized. Conclusions. Treatment of patients with TMJ dysfunction using individual occlusal splints is one of the most effective ways to treat this pathology.

Smoothness of Human Jaw Movement during Chewing

1999 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1662-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yashiro ◽  
T. Yamauchi ◽  
M. Fujii ◽  
K. Takada
Keyword(s):  
Time Profile ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Movement Trajectory ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Jaw Movement ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Minimum Jerk ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Movement Smoothness

Human limb movements are successfully modeled based on the assumption that the central nervous system controls the movements by maximizing movement smoothness. Movement smoothness is quantified by means of a time integral of squared jerk (jerk-cost), where jerk is defined as the rate of change in acceleration. This study was performed to investigate whether the control of human masticatory vertical jaw movements can also be explained by a minimum-jerk (maximum-smoothness) model. Based on the assumption that minimum-jerk models account for vertical jaw-opening and -closing movements during chewing, the actual time profile of the movement trajectory was simulated by the model. The simulated jerk-costs and peak velocities were compared with those obtained by actual measurements of jaw movements during chewing. Jerk-costs and peak velocities of the jaw movements during chewing were significantly correlated with those predicted by minimum-jerk models (P < 0.0001, r between 0.596 and 0.799). The minimum-jerk models predicted closing movement trajectories more accurately than opening movement trajectories (jaw opening, root-mean-square error = 1.19 mm; jaw closing, 0.52 mm, t = 4.375, P < 0.0001). The results indicated that the vertical jaw movement control during chewing was represented by the minimum-jerk control model and that the vertical jaw-closing movement is smoother than the opening movement during gum-chewing.

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