Fluent Speech, Fast Articulatory Rate, and Delayed Auditory Feedback: Creating a Crisis for a Scientific Revolution?

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Joseph Kalinowski
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Puzzle Solving

In 1970 Kuhn argued that science does not progress through a process of accretion. It is typified, rather, by the successive emergence of different paradigms which during their reign dictate the direction of normal science's puzzle-solving activity. Normal science inevitably exposes an anomaly which violates expectations predicted by the reigning paradigm. The “crisis” evoking anomaly may induce a destructive/constructive paradigm change. Transformations from one paradigm to another constitute a scientific revolution and dictate the growth and maturation of a field. This paper suggests the recent finding, that stutterers experience enhancement of fluency while speaking under delayed auditory feedback at a fast articulatory rate, be viewed as an anomaly. By challenging the notion that a slowed speech rate is necessary for amelioration of stuttering, the anomalous finding may be perceived as a crisis in the study of stuttering.

The Establishment, Transfer, and Maintenance of Fluent Speech in 50 Stutterers Using Delayed Auditory Feedback and Operant Procedures

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Ryan ◽  
Barbara Van Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Speech Fluency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Clinical Program

Operant speech fluency techniques are being used in a clinical program in a rehabilitation center to treat people who stutter. Establishment, transfer, and maintenance programs are used. Delayed auditory feedback is commonly employed to produce the initial fluent speech. From more than 200 clients seen over the past four years, 50 recent clients were selected for a detailed analysis. The results indicate that the programs are effective in helping people of varying ages and stuttering severity to speak fluently. This was accomplished in relatively short periods (approximately 20 hours of therapy). The fluent speech of the clients has transferred to their environment and checks indicate that it has been maintained.

The effect of fast speech rate on stuttering frequency during delayed auditory feedback

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garen Sparks ◽  
Dorothy E Grant ◽  
Kathleen Millay ◽  
Delaina Walker-Batson ◽  
Linda S Hynan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback

scholarly journals Cortical network underlying speech production during delayed auditory feedback

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muge Ozker ◽  
Werner Doyle ◽  
Orrin Devinsky ◽  
Adeen Flinker
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Auditory Feedback Control

AbstractAccurate and fluent production of speech strongly depends on hearing oneself which allows for the detection and correction of vocalization errors in real-time. When auditory feedback is disrupted with a time delay (e.g. echo on a conference call), it causes slowed and stutter-like speech in humans. Impaired speech motor control during delayed auditory feedback is implicated in various neurological disorders ranging from stuttering to aphasia, however the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated auditory feedback control in human speech by obtaining electrocorticographic recordings from neurosurgical subjects performing a delayed auditory feedback (DAF) task. We observed a significant increase in neural activity in auditory sites that scaled with the duration of feedback delay and correlated with response suppression during normal speech, providing direct evidence for a shared mechanism between sensitivity to altered feedback and speech-induced auditory suppression in humans. Furthermore, we find that when subjects robustly slowed down their speech rate to compensate for the delay, the dorsal division of the precentral gyrus was preferentially recruited to support articulation during an early time frame. This recruitment was accompanied by response enhancement across a large speech network commencing in temporal cortex and then engaging frontal and parietal sites. Our results highlight the critical components of the human speech network that support auditory feedback control of speech production and the temporal evolution of their recruitment.

Active Inhibition of Stuttering Results in Pseudofluency: A Reply to Craig

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1050-1052
Author(s):  
Vikram N. Dayalu ◽  
Joseph Kalinowski ◽  
Tim Saltuklaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Active Inhibition

Craig discussed fluency outcomes following stuttering therapy that involved retraining the speech system, on the assumption that the speech end product is truly fluent. As previously outlined by Dayalu and Kalinowski, we strongly disagree with the notion that behavioral paradigms can ever result in automatic, long lasting natural sounding fluent speech. Fluent speech is within the grasp of one who stutters as seen in the effects of choral speech and derivatives such as delayed auditory feedback.

DAF as Instrumental Treatment for Dysarthria in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne R. Hanson ◽  
E. Jeffry Metter
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Rate Intensity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vocal Intensity

In this case study, a 59-year-old male with progressive supranuclear palsy and hypokinetic dysarthria wore a small, solid state, battery operated, delayed auditory feedback device to reduce speech rate and to aid speech intelligibility. Time series measurements were made from tape recordings taken at the beginning of treatment and again after three months of daily wearing of the device. Measures of speech rate, intensity, and overall intelligibility indicate that when the instrument is worn, the subject's speech is slowed, vocal intensity increases, and intelligibility is markedly improved. The subject and his family report satisfaction with the instrument. The application of delayed auditory feedback to the treatment of communication disorders is discussed.

Operant Procedures Applied to Stuttering Therapy for Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Operant Behavior ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Social Reward ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Fluent Speech

This report concerns operant stuttering therapy programs for five children ranging in age from six to nine years. The programs included programmed desensitization, delayed auditory feedback, and gradual increase in the length and complexity of the speech utterance. Reinforcing events ranged from social reward to points which could be exchanged for toys. The programs varied in length from 15 to 73.3 hours. They were all successful in helping the children to establish fluent speech. Special transfer and maintenance programs were necessary for some of the children. Follow-up measures indicated that the children had maintained their fluency. The value of viewing stuttering as operant behavior was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Immediate effect of delayed auditory feedback on stuttering-like disfluencies

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bianca Meireles de Moura Buzzeti ◽  
Cristiane Moço Canhetti de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Delay Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Effect Data ◽  
Word Repetition ◽  
Persistent Developmental Stuttering ◽  
Developmental Stuttering

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the immediate effects of delayed auditory feedback on stuttering-like disfluencies in people who stutter. Methods: a cross-sectional and experimental study. The effect of delayed auditory feedback was analyzed in thirty individuals, from eight to 46 years old, diagnosed with persistent developmental stuttering. Participants should present at least 3% of stuttering-like disfluencies and mild stuttering according to the Stuttering Severity Instrument. The following procedures were used: audiological evaluation, fluency evaluation in two listening situations - with Non-altered and delayed auditory feedback - and the Stuttering Severity Instrument. The Fono Tools software was used to cause the delay effect. Data analysis was performed using pertinent statistical tests. Results: there was no decrease in most stuttering-like disfluencies. There was a statistically significant reduction in word repetition and flow of syllables per minute. Conclusion: the delay in auditory feedback caused, as an immediate effect, the reduction of word repetition and speech rate, in syllables per minute.

Spectrographic Study of Vowels in Stutterers' Fluent Speech

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Klich ◽  
Gaylene M. May
Keyword(s):  
Normal Condition ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Delayed Auditory Feedback ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Masking Noise

Measurements were made of the formant frequencies and formant transitions associated with the vowels/i/,/æ/ and /u/ produced by seven moderate-to-severe stutterers when they read fluently in a control (normal) condition and under four experimental conditions: masking noise, delayed auditory feedback, rhythmic pacing, and whispering. The first and second formantfrequencies in an isolated/hVd/context were more centralized than those reported for nonstutterers. The formant frequencies were centralized even more in reading, but varied little across conditions despite changes in fluency, speaking rates, and vowel duration. Duration and rate of formant transitions also were essentially the same across conditions. These findings and those reported in other studies indicate that stutterers' vowel production is more restricted, spatially and temporally, than nonstutterers'.

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