Augmented Feedback for Enhanced Skill Acquisition in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Croce ◽  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Glenn Roswal
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Absolute Constant ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Augmented Feedback ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Variable Error

Coincident timing by individuals who exhibit traumatic brain injury was measured under conditions of no knowledge of results (no KR; n = 12), KR on every trial ( n = 14), summary KR ( n = 13), and average KR ( n = 12). Following acquisition trials, groups performed immediate and longer retention trials without KR. Absolute constant error and variable error, analyzed in separate repeated-measures analyses of variance, indicated that during acquisition trials subjects receiving KR on every trial were the most accurate and the most consistent in their responses; however, subjects in groups receiving summary and average KR were the most accurate during immediate retention, with the group receiving summary KR being the most accurate during longer retention.

Effects of a Combination of Stances and Points of Aim on Putting Accuracy

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Gott ◽  
Carl Mc Gown
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Variable Error ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two putting stances (conventional versus side-saddle) and two points of aim (ball versus hole) on putting accuracy. Subjects (12 men, 4 women) were taught to putt using four methods: (a) conventional stance, eyes on the ball; (b) conventional stance, eyes on the hole; (c) side-saddle stance, eyes on the ball; and (d) side-saddle stance, eyes on the hole. Each subject practiced each method for 2 wk., after which they were tested for purring accuracy by counting putts made, determining constant error, and by calculating variable error. Accuracy was assessed at 5 and 15 ft. A 2 by 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that there was no single combination of stance and point of aim that was significantly better than another at either distance. This suggests that, contrary to popular opinion, the traditional method of putting is not the best method for putting; other methods are equally as good and could be used if individually desired.

scholarly journals A Repeated Measures Pilot Comparison of Trajectories of Fluctuating Endogenous Hormones in Young Women with Traumatic Brain Injury, Healthy Controls

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet P. Niemeier ◽  
Paul B. Perrin ◽  
Bradley S. Hurst ◽  
David M. Foureau ◽  
Toan T. Huynh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Health History ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Larger Sample

Objective. To compare baseline and 72-hour hormone levels in women with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and controls. Setting. Hospital emergency department. Participants. 21 women ages 18-35 with TBI and 21 controls. Design. Repeated measures. Main Measures. Serum samples at baseline and 72 hours; immunoassays for estradiol (E2), progesterone (PRO), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and cortisol (CORT); and health history. Results. Women with TBI had lower E2 (p=0.042) and higher CORT (p=0.028) levels over time. Lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GSC) and OCs were associated with lower FSH (GCS p=0.021; OCs p=0.016) and higher CORT (GCS p=0.001; OCs p=0.008). Conclusion. Acute TBI may suppress E2 and increase CORT in young women. OCs appeared to independently affect CORT and FSH responses. Future work is needed with a larger sample to characterize TBI effects on women’s endogenous hormone response to injury and OC use’s effects on post-TBI stress response and gonadal function, as well as secondary injury.

Effectiveness of ketamine in decreasing intracranial pressure in children with intracranial hypertension

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gad Bar-Joseph ◽  
Yoav Guilburd ◽  
Ada Tamir ◽  
Joseph N. Guilburd
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Decrease Blood Pressure ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Object Deepening sedation is often needed in patients with intracranial hypertension. All widely used sedative and anesthetic agents (opioids, benzodiazepines, propofol, and barbiturates) decrease blood pressure and may therefore decrease cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Ketamine is a potent, safe, rapid-onset anesthetic agent that does not decrease blood pressure. However, ketamine's use in patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension is precluded because it is widely stated that it increases intracranial pressure (ICP). Based on anecdotal clinical experience, the authors hypothesized that ketamine does not increase—but may rather decrease—ICP. Methods The authors conducted a prospective, controlled, clinical trial of data obtained in a pediatric intensive care unit of a regional trauma center. All patients were sedated and mechanically ventilated prior to inclusion in the study. Children with sustained, elevated ICP (> 18 mm Hg) resistant to first-tier therapies received a single ketamine dose (1–1.5 mg/kg) either to prevent further ICP increase during a potentially distressing intervention (Group 1) or as an additional measure to lower ICP (Group 2). Hemodynamic, ICP, and CPP values were recorded before ketamine administration, and repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare these values with those recorded every minute for 10 minutes following ketamine administration. Results The results of 82 ketamine administrations in 30 patients were analyzed. Overall, following ketamine administration, ICP decreased by 30% (from 25.8 ± 8.4 to 18.0 ± 8.5 mm Hg) (p < 0.001) and CPP increased from 54.4 ± 11.7 to 58.3 ± 13.4 mm Hg (p < 0.005). In Group 1, ICP decreased significantly following ketamine administration and increased by > 2 mm Hg during the distressing intervention in only 1 of 17 events. In Group 2, when ketamine was administered to lower persistent intracranial hypertension, ICP decreased by 33% (from 26.0 ± 9.1 to 17.5 ± 9.1 mm Hg) (p < 0.0001) following ketamine administration. Conclusions In ventilation-treated patients with intracranial hypertension, ketamine effectively decreased ICP and prevented untoward ICP elevations during potentially distressing interventions, without lowering blood pressure and CPP. These results refute the notion that ketamine increases ICP. Ketamine is a safe and effective drug for patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension, and it can possibly be used safely in trauma emergency situations.

Coincident Timing by Nondisabled, Mentally Retarded, and Traumatic Brain-Injured Individuals under Varying Target-Exposure Conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Croce ◽  
Michael Horvat ◽  
Glenn Roswal
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Mentally Retarded ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Target Exposure ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Coincident timing by 15 nondisabled individuals, 15 mentally retarded and 15 traumatically brain injured was measured under varying target-exposure conditions. Absolute constant error, constant error, and variable error were analyzed in separate repeated-measures analyses of variance for early performance (first block of practice), late performance (last block of practice), and retention (last block of retention). Subjects with mental retardation displayed the least accurate and most variable coincident-timing responses. Nondisabled subjects were most influenced by target-exposure time; subjects with traumatic brain injury were most influenced by target-viewing distance; and subjects with mental retardation were most influenced by a combination of target velocity and target-viewing distance. Subjects with mental retardation displayed a too-early response bias, while nondisabled subjects tended to have a too-late response bias. Individuals with traumatic brain injury had a variable response bias.

Reference ranges and stability of auditory and vestibular measures in a comprehensive assessment battery for traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Anna Meehan ◽  
◽  
Andrew Lewandowski ◽  
Kayla Deru ◽  
Donald Hebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Brainstem Response

Background: Audiology clinics have many tools available to evaluate auditory and vestibular complaints. However, many tools lack established normative ranges across the life span. We conducted this study to establish reference ranges across the life span for audiology/ vestibular measures commonly used to evaluate patients with traumatic brain injury. Materials and Methods: In this repeated measures study, 75 adults, ages 18-65 years, without a history of traumatic brain injury, underwent robust auditory/vestibular evaluations three times over six months, including rotational chair, videonystagmography, computerized dynamic posturography, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and retinal fundoscopy. Results: Age effect was notable for transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, pure-tone audiometry, auditory brainstem response, auditory middle latency response, and auditory-steady state response at 4000 hertz (Hz). Older participants (50-65 years) were more likely to have delayed latency horizontal saccades, positional nystagmus, slowed lower-extremity motor control responses, and delayed latency ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Low to mid-frequency horizontal (0.003-4 Hz) and mid-frequency vertical (1-3 Hz) vestibulo-ocular reflex, otolith-mediated reflexes, dynamic visual acuity and balance measures were generally not influenced by age. Females had larger static subjective visual testing offset angles, longer cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential P1 latency, faster velocity horizontal saccades, and quicker motor control latency for large backward translations than age-matched males. Conclusion: These reference ranges can be used to discern impairment within the auditory and vestibular pathway following traumatic brain injury in young to middle-aged adults.

CORTICAL INTEGRATIVE THERAPY EFFECTIVENESS IN THE TREATMENT OF POST-CONCUSSION SYNDROME AND MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Victor M. Pedro ◽  
◽  
Nicole C. Lim ◽  
Elena Oggero ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Integrative Therapy ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome

Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) is a relatively prevalent condition that emerges after sustaining a head injury. Individuals with PCS experience prolonged impairments and distress associated with the injury which can impact the individuals’ quality of life experiences. In this retrospective chart review of refractory adult patients diagnosed with PCS and mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI), the effectiveness of Cortical Integrative Therapy (PedroCIT®) was investigated by comparing measures of postural stability, brain sequencing and timing, and self-reports of physical and psychosocial symptoms of PCS obtained before and after PedroCIT®. Multivariate and Repeated Measures General Linear Models showed improvements across the measures from before to after treatment in all subjects, highlighting the effectiveness of PedroCIT®. To further underscore the capacity of PedroCIT® to elicit improvements in patients who have been resistant to treatment prior to PedroCIT®, the duration of time that the subjects underwent PedroCIT® was compared to the duration of time since the injury to the subjects’ first PedroCIT® intervention session. The findings of this study showed significant improvements from pre- to post-treatment in postural stability, brain sequencing and timing, and self-reported symptoms for patients affected by PCS and mTBI, and treatment outcomes were largely not contingent upon the severity of the condition at the beginning of treatment. Altogether, this retrospective study suggests that refractory individuals affected by PCS and mTBI can benefit from undergoing PedroCIT® and their treatment outcomes may not be related to the degree of impairment presented at the beginning of treatment.

Prediction of headache severity (density and functional impact) after traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal multicenter study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 998-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C Walker ◽  
Jennifer H Marwitz ◽  
Amber R Wilk ◽  
Jessica M Ketchum ◽  
Jeanne M Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Headache (HA) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common, but predictors and time course are not well established, particularly after moderate to severe TBI. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study of HA severity post-TBI was conducted on 450 participants at seven participating rehabilitation centers. Generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) were used to model repeated measures (months 3, 6, and 12 post-TBI) of two outcomes: HA density (a composite of frequency, duration, and intensity) and HA disruptions to activities of daily living (ADL). Results: Although HA density and ADL disruptions were nominally highest during the first three months post-TBI, neither showed significant changes over time. At all time points, history of pre-injury migraine was by far the strongest predictor of both HA density and ADL disruptions (odds ratio (OR) = 8.0 and OR = 7.2, averaged across time points, respectively). Furthermore, pre-injury non-migraine HA (at three and six months post-TBI), penetrating-type TBI (at six months post-TBI), and female sex (at six and 12 months post-TBI) were each associated with an increase in the odds of a more severe HA density. Severity of TBI (post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) duration) was not associated with either outcome. Conclusion: Individuals with HA at three months after moderate-severe TBI do not improve over the ensuing nine months with respect to HA density or ADL disruptions. Those with pre-injury HA, particularly of migraine type, are at greatest risk for HA post-TBI. Other independent risk factors are penetrating-type TBI and, to a lesser degree and post-acutely only, female sex. Individuals with these risk factors should be monitored and considered for aggressive early intervention.

scholarly journals The use of repeated measures methodology to monitor recovery from traumatic brain injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 420-420
Author(s):  
A.G. Lewandowski ◽  
D.L. Reeves ◽  
J. Spector ◽  
J. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Repeated Measures

Motor Skill Acquisition, Auditory Distractors, and the Encoding Specificity Hypothesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1579-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lidor ◽  
R. N. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Absolute Constant ◽  
Constant Error ◽  
Total Error ◽  
Motor Skill Acquisition ◽  
Encoding Specificity ◽  
Auditory Distractors

28 women and 28 men threw a paddleball at a target in 4 conditions of noise and quiet, being given 150 trials on 2 days. Analysis of absolute constant error and total error indicated the encoding-specificity hypothesis was not supported and no transfer was noted across conditions, perhaps because the noise was not demanding enough.

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