Distribution of Self-Reported Alcohol Consumption in New Zealand, 1978–1979

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. M. Gregson ◽  
Barrie G. Stacey
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Normal Frequency ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Log Normal

The problem of estimating how much alcohol individuals actually drink is discussed with particular reference to the log-normal frequency distribution of alcohol consumption. It is then presented as being a problem of inference from the recent history of a time series. Following directly from this presentation, data obtained in a national survey of 10,000 New Zealand residents are analyzed (a) to yield the frequency distribution of estimated drinking rates; (b) to test whether this distribution is log-normal in form; and (c) to provide further information about the distribution of alcohol consumption. This analysis enabled us to account for almost the whole of the actual total alcohol consumption in New Zealand. The results are different from those expected on the basis of the uncorrected log-normal description of consumption.

Is Alcohol Consumption Log-Normally Distributed among Fourteen- to Seventeen-Year-Olds?

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie G. Stacey ◽  
Geoffrey A. Elvy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Normal Frequency ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Nation Wide Survey ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

The problem of explaining the distribution of alcohol consumption in a population is discussed with particular reference to the log-normal frequency distribution of alcohol consumption and the claims associated with it. Criticisms directed at this application of the log-normal distribution are presented, as is Ole-Jørgen Skog's defense of the log-normal hypothesis. A nation-wide survey of alcohol consumption by 1278 New Zealand 14- to 17-yr.-olds is described. In this sample, representing homogeneous substrata of the New Zealand population, the distribution of alcohol consumption is not close to log-normality in the high consumption segment of the distribution for males, females, and the total sample. However, some analysts would probably interpret our results as borderline or even approximate log-normal distributions. The significance of these results for the log-normal hypothesis and Skog's theoretical position is outlined. Important features of alcohol consumption among 14- to 17-yr.-olds in New Zealand are discussed.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends (1994–2011) and Predictors of Total Alcohol and Alcoholic Beverages Consumption: The EPIC Greece Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3077
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Skourlis ◽  
Paraskevi Massara ◽  
Ioannis Patsis ◽  
Eleni Peppa ◽  
Klea Katsouyanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Greek Epic ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Trends

The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal changes in alcohol consumption (total alcohol and types of alcoholic beverages) of the Greek EPIC cohort participants (28,572) during a 17-year period (1994–2011), with alcohol information being recorded repeatedly over time. Descriptive statistics were used to show crude trends in drinking behavior. Mixed-effects models were used to study the consumption of total alcohol, wine, beer and spirits/other alcoholic beverages in relation to birth cohort, socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors. We observed a decreasing trend of alcohol intake as age increased, consistent for total alcohol consumption and the three types of beverages. Older birth cohorts had lower initial total alcohol consumption (8 vs. 10 g/day) and steeper decline in wine, spirits/other alcoholic beverages and total alcohol consumption compared to younger cohorts. Higher education and smoking at baseline had a positive association with longitudinal total alcohol consumption, up to +30% (vs. low education) and more than +25% (vs. non-smoking) respectively, whereas female gender, obesity, history of heart attack, diabetes, peptic ulcer and high blood pressure at baseline had a negative association of −85%, −25%, −16%, −37%, −22% and −24% respectively. Alcohol consumption changed over age with different trends among the studied subgroups and types of alcohol, suggesting targeted monitoring of alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals A History of Open Weather in New Zealand (HOWNZ): an open access 1-km resolution monthly 1910–2019 time-series of interpolated temperature and rainfall grids with associated uncertainty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Etherington ◽  
George L. W. Perry ◽  
Janet M. Wilmshurst
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patterns And Processes

Abstract. Long time-series of weather grids are fundamental to understanding how weather affects environmental or ecological patterns and processes such as plant distributions, plant and animal phenology, wildfires, and hydrology. Ideally such weather grids should be openly available and be associated with uncertainties so that users can understand any data quality issues. We present a History of Open Weather in New Zealand (HOWNZ) that uses climatological aided natural neighbour interpolation to provide monthly 1-km resolution grids of total rainfall, mean air temperature, mean daily maximum air temperature, and mean daily minimum air temperature across New Zealand from 1910 to 2019. HOWNZ matches the best available temporal extent and spatial resolution of any open weather grids that include New Zealand, and is unique in providing associated spatial uncertainty in appropriate units of measurement. The HOWNZ weather and uncertainty grids capture the dynamic spatial and temporal nature of the monthly weather variables and the uncertainty associated with the interpolation. We also demonstrate how to quantify and visualise temporal trends across New Zealand that recognise the temporal and spatial variation of uncertainties in the HOWNZ data. The HOWNZ data is openly available at https://doi.org/10.7931/zmvz-xf30 (Etherington et al., 2021).

A COMPARISON OF THREE FIELD METHODS FOR MEASURING SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. LEE ◽  
D. E. ELRICK ◽  
W. D. REYNOLDS ◽  
B. E. CLOTHIER
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Air Entrapment ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Normal Frequency ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Guelph Permeameter

The saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks, was measured on a loamy sand, a fine sandy loam, a silt loam and a clay at four 100-m2-area sites in southern Ontario. Twenty measurements of Ks were obtained by each of three different measurement techniques at each of the four sites. The techniques included: (1) the air-entry permeameter method; (2) the constant head well permeameter method using the Guelph Permeameter; and (3) the falling-head permeameter method applied to small soil cores. The Ks data were found to be better described by the log-normal frequency distribution than by the normal frequency distribution. Statistical comparison of the mean Ks values [Formula: see text] indicated significant differences between some or all of the methods within each site. This site-method interaction was interpreted in terms of the influence of macropores and air entrapment on each of the measurement techniques. The measured Ks values ranged over an order of magnitude on the sand, one to two orders of magnitude on the loams, and three orders of magnitude on the clay. The [Formula: see text] estimates averaged over the three methods were: 3 × 10−5 m∙s−1 for the sand; 2 × 10−6 m∙s−1 for the loams and 1 × 10−7 m∙s−1 for the clay. Although all techniques were able to discriminate between the three soil types, the best choice of method for any particular situation appears dependent on the required type and accuracy of the Ks measurement, soil type, and the various practical constraints on the investigation. Key words: Air-entry permeameter, Guelph Permeameter, falling-head permeameter, spatial variability, macropores, entrapped air

Physiologic Measures In Patients with PTSD with and Without A Recent History of Alcohol Abuse

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Ahearn ◽  
Mary Mussey ◽  
Catherine Johnson ◽  
Amy Krohn ◽  
Timothy Juergens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of
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