Effects of Behavioral Intervention and Interpersonal Feedback on Fear and Avoidance Components of Severe Agoraphobia: A Case Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. De Voge ◽  
Tomas Minor ◽  
Paul Karoly
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Interpersonal Feedback ◽  
Self Instruction ◽  
Travel Distances

Four treatments with a severe agoraphobic were compared in a single-case analysis in which daily anxiety, self-appraisal, Valium intake, and mileage ridden in a car were dependent variables. Treatment conditions sequentially added were relaxation, self-instruction, cognitive restructuring, and interpersonal feedback. Behavioral interventions produced desired changes in anxiety, Valium intake, and self-appraisal, but only after interpersonal feedback did these treatments influence avoidant behavior per se (mileage). A 16-mo. (post-treatment) follow-up showed that, while the patient continued to travel distances from his home which were roughly equivalent to those attained in Phase 4 of treatment, his travels were mainly confined to an area within a 5-mi. radius of his home. This adjustment was accompanied by far fewer hospitalizations, relative freedom from panic, and more expressed interest in family and sexual matters (the latter verified by spouse).

The Superiority of Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) Over Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) in Treating Compulsive Washing

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Krochmalik ◽  
Mairwen K. Jones ◽  
Ross G. Menzies ◽  
Ken Kirkby
Keyword(s):  
Response Prevention ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Symptom Change ◽  
Exposure And Response Prevention ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Dependent Variables

AbstractThe present study involved the random allocation of 22 obsessive-compulsive (OC) washer/cleaners to one of two treatment conditions: Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT), or Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Participants received 12 1-hour individual clinical sessions and were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment and at a 6-month follow-up with a battery of 17 measures assessing core obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptomatology, depression, stress, general anxiety, disease expectancy and perceived responsibility. DIRT subjects experienced significantly greater before to after-treatment reductions in symptomatology on six outcome measures. On 10 of the remaining 11 measures, posttreatment mean scores were lower in the DIRT condition than in the ERP condition, though differences between groups failed to reach significance. Of note, on 3 of the 17 measures, DIRT subjects experienced significantly greater posttreatment to follow-up symptom reduction. Finally, and most importantly, symptom change (regardless of treatment condition) was shown to significantly correlate with change in threat or disease expectancy across the trial. No relationships were found between improvements in perceived responsibility and any of the dependent variables. The findings suggest that DIRT and ERP may be working by reducing specific beliefs in threat; the former treatment being more effective in producing such change than the latter.

Anxiety Management Training for Anxiety States: Positive Compared with Negative Self-Statements

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ramm ◽  
Isaac Marks ◽  
Richard Stern ◽  
Sahika Yuksel
Keyword(s):  
Management Training ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Anxiety States ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Anxiety Management Training ◽  
Self Instruction

SummaryTwelve patients complaining of chronic free-floating anxiety, usually also with panic attacks, were assigned at random to treatment by six hour-long sessions of anxiety-management training, either with positive or with negative self-statements, given over six weeks. Patients in both treatment conditions improved, with a small trend favouring positive over negative self-instruction, especially at follow-up. It is unclear how much self-instruction, rather than therapeutic attention or mere passage of time, accounted for the bulk of the modest improvement obtained.

Outcome of Intensive Language Treatment in Aphasia

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Poeck ◽  
Walter Huber ◽  
Klaus Willmes
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
German Language ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

Sixty-eight aphasic inpatients received intensive language treatment (9 hr per week over a period of 6–8 weeks). Outcome was assessed by means of the Aachen Aphasia Test (AAT), a standardized test battery for the German language. For patients with duration of aphasia up to 12 months, amount of improvement was corrected by the expected rate of spontaneous recovery as determined by a previous multicenter follow-up study. About two thirds of the patients showed significant improvement in AAT performance according to psychometric single case analysis procedures. A similar rate of improvement was found for individuals with chronic aphasia beyond the stage of spontaneous recovery.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Interventions Designed to Teach Imitation to Young Children With Disabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 027112142110071
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Ledford ◽  
Sienna A. Windsor
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Young Children With Disabilities ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recommendations For Practice

This review was designed to characterize current intervention research for increasing imitation for young children with disabilities. We identified 34 unique sources including assessments of different types of massed trial and embedded trial interventions. Across intervention types, when evaluated via the Single Case Analysis and Review Framework (SCARF), positive outcomes were more likely to occur when dependent variables were primary (i.e., not secondary to another dependent variable) and context-bound (i.e., collected during intervention sessions). When only primary variables from high-quality studies were considered, embedded trials more often resulted in functional relations. Recommendations for practice include using cues, prompts, and rewards for imitation; teaching imitation to toddlers; attending to imitation function; and teaching imitation in varied contexts.

Bang for Your Buck: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Practice Amount and Distribution in Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3160-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Maas ◽  
Christina Gildersleeve-Neumann ◽  
Kathy Jakielski ◽  
Nicolette Kovacs ◽  
Ruth Stoeckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Distributed Practice ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Treatment Conditions

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine 2 aspects of treatment intensity in treatment for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS): practice amount and practice distribution. Method Using an alternating-treatments single-subject design with multiple baselines, we compared high versus low amount of practice, and massed versus distributed practice, in 6 children with CAS. Conditions were manipulated in the context of integral stimulation treatment. Changes in perceptual accuracy, scored by blinded analysts, were quantified with effect sizes. Results Four children showed an advantage for high amount of practice, 1 showed an opposite effect, and 1 showed no condition difference. For distribution, 4 children showed a clear advantage for massed over distributed practice post treatment; 1 showed an opposite pattern, and 1 showed no clear difference. Follow-up revealed a similar pattern. All children demonstrated treatment effects (larger gains for treated than untreated items). Conclusions High practice amount and massed practice were associated with more robust speech motor learning in most children with CAS, compared to low amount and distributed practice, respectively. Variation in effects across children warrants further research to determine factors that predict optimal treatment conditions. Finally, this study adds to the evidence base supporting the efficacy of integral stimulation treatment for CAS. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9630599

PRIMARY MELANOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER MANIFESTED BY ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS. DESCRIPTION OF A SINGLE CASE

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-255
Author(s):  
Oleg Kit ◽  
Yevgeniy Kolesnikov ◽  
Roman Myagkov ◽  
Leonid Kharin ◽  
Yevgeniya Nepomnyashchaya
Keyword(s):  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Primary Melanoma ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Most of melanomas of the gallbladder are metastatic lesions of cutaneous melanoma. Primary melanomas of the gallbladder are described as single, polypoid, intraluminal masses emanating from the mucous membrane. The most important characteristic is the absence of melanoma damage to the skin. If it is not possible to localize primary melanoma a multidisciplinary approach to diagnostic search comes to the fore. Predicting for primary melanoma of the gallbladder is a difficult task due to the small number of cases and the absence of long-term follow-up for this category of patients.

scholarly journals Recurrent Intraocular Lens Dislocation in a Patient with Familial Ectopia Lentis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4545
Author(s):  
Tomasz K. Wilczyński ◽  
Alfred Niewiem ◽  
Rafał Leszczyński ◽  
Katarzyna Michalska-Małecka
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Recurrent Dislocation ◽  
Ectopia Lentis ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
The Right

A 36-year-old patient presented to the hospital with recurrent dislocation of the intraocular lens (IOL). The patient with the diagnosis of familial ectopia lentis was first operated on for crystalline lens subluxation in the left eye in 2007 and in the right eye in 2009. In both eyes, lens extraction with anterior vitrectomy and transscleral fixation of a rigid IOL was performed. In 2011, the IOL in the right eye luxated into the vitreous cavity due to ocular trauma. The patient underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with the IOL resuturation to the sclera. Seven years later, a spontaneous vision loss in the right eye was caused by a retinal detachment. The pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade and a consequential oil removal three months later were performed in 2018. The follow-up examination revealed recurrent IOL dislocation in the same eye. Due to a history of previous suture-related complications a decision was made to remove the subluxated rigid polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) IOL and fixate to sclera a sutureless SOLEKO FIL SSF Carlevale lens. The purpose of this report is to present a single case of a 36-year-old patient who was presented to the hospital with recurrent dislocation of the intraocular lens. In a three-month follow-up period, a good anatomical and functional outcome was finally obtained with transscleral sutureless intraocular lens. This lens is an option worth considering especially in a young patient with a long life expectancy and physically active.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Correlates of Loneliness and Psychological Distress During the Lockdown Situation due to COVID-19. Effects of Age and Self-Perceptions of Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Losada-Baltar ◽  
José Ángel Martínez-Huertas ◽  
Lucía Jiménez-Gonzalo ◽  
María del Sequeros Pedroso-Chaparro ◽  
Laura Gallego-Alberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging

Abstract Objectives To longitudinally analyze the correlates of loneliness and psychological distress in people exposed to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown, exploring the effects of age and self-perceptions of aging (SPA). Methods A longitudinal follow-up of 1,549 participants was carried out at four different time points during the lockdown in Spain. Questions about the risk of COVID-19, age, SPA, family and personal resources, loneliness, and psychological distress were measured. Results Changes in loneliness showed a linear longitudinal trajectory through time, but changes in psychological distress showed a U-shaped relationship with time. Age was a relevant predictor of differences in distress, with older people reporting less psychological distress. Change in both dependent variables was related to change in different predictors like family and personal variables and also to negative SPA. Discussion In a stressful situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults may be more resilient to adverse mental health outcomes by using more adaptive resources that strengthen their resilience. Support is provided for the importance of stereotyped views of the aging process that, independently of chronological age, may put people at risk of suffering adverse mental health outcomes such as loneliness and psychological distress in times of crisis.

Pazopanib-associated secondary adrenal insufficiency in a patient with malignant solitary fibrous tumor

2021 ◽  
pp. 107815522110160
Author(s):  
Muhammed Muhiddin Er ◽  
Murat Araz ◽  
Meryem Karabacak ◽  
Muzaffer Uğraklı ◽  
Melek Karakurt Eryılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Solitary Fibrous Tumor ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Hypoglycemic Attack ◽  
Fibrous Tumor

Introduction Pazopanib is an agent that is being successfully used in soft tissue sarcomas. Some endocrine side effects may develop during pazopanib treatment. Here, we presented a case diagnosed with secondary adrenal insufficiency while being investigated for etiology of hypoglycemia which developed after pazopanib. Case report A 69-year-old male patient was operated in June 2019 due to a lung mass 26 × 18 × 10 cm in size. Pathological diagnosis revealed a solitary fibrous tumor with malignant behavior. The patient received three lines of chemotherapy. After pazopanib treatment, a hypoglycemic attack was reported. Management and outcome: Blood cortisol and ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) levels were not increased at the time of the hypoglycemic attack, and levels of other pituitary hormones were found to be normal. Electrolyte levels were in normal range. Since the counteracting hormone did not reach a sufficient level, it was considered secondary adrenal insufficiency. Hypoglycemic attacks did not occur during follow-up while taking steroid therapy and pazopanib. Discussion A single case of primary adrenal insufficiency has been reported in the literature. We here present a case who developed hypoglycemia after pazopanib and was diagnosed with drug-associated secondary adrenal insufficiency. When hypoglycemia develops during pazopanib treatment, we must be aware of adrenal insufficiency.

‘Accounts’ in negotiation discourse: A single-case analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Firth
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Case Analysis
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