Prevalence of Polydipsia among Public Psychiatric Patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Evenson ◽  
C. J. Jos ◽  
A. R. Mallya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Nonalcoholic Beverages ◽  
Comparable Population

Among 2201 public psychiatric patients evaluated for polydipsia (excessive ingestion of nonalcoholic beverages) there was a prevalence rate of 6.2%. Their mean age was 50.9 yr., being substantially younger than the comparable population of state patients, but predominantly chronic. Diagnoses were 73% schizophrenia, but mental retardation and alcoholism were also over-represented. Patients were predominantly white and almost 60% women. Almost one-quarter of the polydipsic patients met the diagnostic criteria for one or more instances of water intoxication.

scholarly journals The Role of Mechanical Restraints in the Management of Disturbed Behaviour

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezzat F. Guirguis ◽  
Henry B. Durost
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
Mechanical Restraints

The use of mechanical restraints for the management of disturbed or violent psychiatric patients continues to be a controversial issue. A survey of their use was carried out by means of a questionnaire sent to 370 psychiatric facilities in Canada to which there was a 62.2% response. General hospital psychiatric units, psychiatric hospitals and mental retardation centres accounted for 83.0% (191) of the returns and were the only facilities analyzed. The study showed that the vast majority still use mechanical restraints. The types of restraints in order of frequency of use included posey belts or shirts, isolation room, straps, sheets, strait jackets, wet or dry packs, hydrotherapy, and others. Violent behaviour is the main reason for which restraints are used. Medical orders, recording procedures and staff training in techniques of managing disturbed behaviour are reviewed. An important finding is the significant majority of facilities that have no stated policy permitting or forbidding the use of restraints. The findings are briefly related to Tuke's work in 1882 pointing to similarities in practice. Finally, the authors emphasize the need to deal with this contentious issue in an enlightened manner reflecting modern day demands.

Screening Patients with Mental Retardation for Polydipsia

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hayfron-Benjamin ◽  
Claudia A Peters ◽  
Rosamund A Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Screening Question

Objectives: To determine whether caregiver responses to a screening question are a reliable method of identifying polydipsia (excessive water drinking) in institutionalized residents with mental retardation. To review the etiology, acute and chronic clinical manifestations, and care of polydipsia and water intoxication. Method: This paper presents an assessment of interrater reliability for a screening question for polydipsia using responses of primary caregivers of preidentified polydipsia cases (n = 32) and matched controls (n = 33) in a large Canadian institution for developmentally handicapped adults. A chart review of all cases of identified water intoxication is also provided. The behavioural outcomes of preventive measures for water intoxication are described. Results: The screening instrument was reliable, having a κ (interrater reliability) of 0.73. Several case descriptions illustrate typical presentations of water intoxication in this population. Conclusions: Polydipsia is reliably identified by caregiver responses to a screening question. It should be screened for regularly to ensure appropriate care to prevent important acute and chronic complications.

Water Intoxication in Psychiatric Patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bourgeois ◽  
D. Leys ◽  
H. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Water Intoxication

Some Issues in the Diagnosis of Depression in China*

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Jun-Mian
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
The West ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Relevant Factors

In China, the diagnosis of depression is made much less frequently than in the West, likely because there is a somewhat lower prevalence rate and because of other factors related to culture and to the development of Chinese psychiatry. Some of the relevant factors are: 1) depressed patients often avoid seeking help because of the stigma of mental disorder; 2) many patients seek help from practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 3) depression is often diagnosed as schizophrenia because of diagnostic criteria that are broader for schizophrenia and narrower for affective disorder than in the West; and 4) somatization is more frequent in China and many depressives receive the label “neurasthenia”.

Neurobehavioral Assessment of Children and Adolescents Attending a Developmental Disabilities Clinic

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Robert Brašić ◽  
Jacqueline Y. Barnett ◽  
S. Kowalik ◽  
Margaret Owen Tsaltas ◽  
Raheela Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Assessment Battery ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Comparable Population

Although the risk of the eventual development of tardive dyskinesia and other persistent adverse effects of neuroleptics is high, among adults with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities, neuroleptics may ameliorate dyskinesias, aggression, and inattention. The effects of traditional neuroleptics on a comparable population of children and adolescents with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities are unknown. The objective of this study was to develop an assessment battery to describe the effects of traditional neuroleptics on the behavior and movements of a small sample of children and adolescents with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities. 13 children and adolescents aged 6 to 16 years attending a developmental disabilities clinic were evaluated utilizing a Movement Assessment Battery to measure behavior and motions. Five subjects took traditional neuroleptic medications. Trained raters can reliably assess the movements and behaviors of children and adolescents with multiple handicaps. Children and adolescents with developmental disabilities may be vulnerable to experience functional impairment and akathisia, tics, and other dyskinesias when administered traditional neuroleptic medications.

P-773 - Episodic psychogenic polydipsia and water intoxication in a male patient with mental retardation

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ö. Tuna ◽  
N. Üstün ◽  
E. Yıldızhan ◽  
N. Eradamlar ◽  
L. Alpkan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Psychogenic Polydipsia

Water Intoxication in Psychiatric Patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satnam Singh ◽  
Madhu H. Padi ◽  
Henrietta Bullard ◽  
Hugh Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Water Intoxication ◽  
Normal Kidney ◽  
Psychogenic Polydipsia ◽  
Water Drinking ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Urinary Specific Gravity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Excessive Water

SummaryCompulsive water drinking is associated with a broad spectrum of psychopathology, from mild neurosis to psychosis. Since the normal kidney is capable of excreting large volumes of fluid rapidly, water intoxication requires both a pathological basis and a psychiatric explanation of why so much water is being taken. Excessive water consumption can be dangerous, so that the fluid intake of patients with a history of polyuria together with a low urinary specific gravity should be closely observed. Four cases of water intoxication resulting from psychogenic polydipsia are described, three of them in chronic schizophrenics, where inappropriate ADH secretion might represent part of the psychosis.

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