Intelligence Test Scores from Infancy to Adulthood for a Craniopagus Twin Pair Neurosurgically Separated at 4 Months of Age

Long-term effects in a neurosurgically separated twin pair were illuminated by standard psychological test scores obtained over a period from 2 to 38 years of age. Interdigitation of the gyri of their right frontal lobes had necessitated separation in two stages at 4 months of age. One twin clearly suffered some brain injury and showed some impairment during the testing at 5 years of age. The scores of both twins rose at the adult testing. The brighter twin has an IQ comparable to that of the mother. The unique data set is a kind of model for long-term assessment of early brain surgery, particularly with craniopagus twins.

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How COVID-19 Have Changed Crowdfunding: Evidence From GoFundMe

10.20944/preprints202107.0136.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junda Wang ◽

Xupin Zhang ◽

Jiebo Luo

Keyword(s):

Racial Disparity ◽

Computational Approach ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Data Set ◽

Unique Data ◽

The Past ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact ◽

Shed Light

While the long-term effects of COVID-19 are yet to be determined, its immediate impact on crowdfunding is nonetheless significant. This study takes a computational approach to more deeply comprehend this change. Using a unique data set of all the campaigns published over the past two years on GoFundMe, we explore the factors that have led to the successful funding of a crowdfunding project. In particular, we study a corpus of crowdfunded projects, analyzing cover images and other variables commonly present on crowdfunding sites. Furthermore, we construct a classifier and a regression model to assess the significance of features based on XGBoost. In addition, we employ counterfactual analysis to investigate the causality between features and the success of crowdfunding. More importantly, sentiment analysis and the paired sample t-test are performed to examine the differences in crowdfunding campaigns before and after the COVID-19 outbreak that started in March 2020. First, we note that there is significant racial disparity in crowdfunding success. Second, we find that sad emotion expressed through the campaign's description became significant after the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering all these factors, our findings shed light on the impact of COVID-19 on crowdfunding campaigns.

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Understanding Terminal Decline in Cognition and Risk of Death

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.11.3.164 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 164-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Patrick Rabbitt ◽

Mary Lunn ◽

Danny Wong

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Test Scores ◽

Intelligence Test ◽

Practice Effects ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Impending Death ◽

Intelligence Test Scores ◽

Reduced Risk

There is new empirical evidence that the effects of impending death on cognition have been miscalculated because of neglect of the incidence of dropout and of practice gains during longitudinal studies. When these are taken into consideration, amounts and rates of cognitive declines preceding death and dropout are seen to be almost identical, and participants aged 49 to 93 years who neither dropout nor die show little or no decline during a 20-year longitudinal study. Practice effects are theoretically informative. Positive gains are greater for young and more intelligent participants and at all levels of intelligence and durations of practice; declines in scores of 10% or more between successive quadrennial test sessions are risk factors for mortality. Higher baseline intelligence test scores are also associated with reduced risk of mortality, even when demographics and socioeconomic advantage have been taken into consideration.

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Factor structure of the universal nonverbal intelligence test scores for Nepali youth

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e689552011-001 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Brianne Mintern

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Test Scores ◽

Intelligence Test ◽

Nonverbal Intelligence ◽

Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test ◽

Intelligence Test Scores

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The Effects of Repeated Retesting: III. Further Experiments and General Conclusions

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1080/17470215008416596 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 182-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

V. R. Cane ◽

A. W. Heim

Keyword(s):

Test Scores ◽

Technical College ◽

Intelligence Test ◽

Repeated Testing ◽

Short Term ◽

The Third ◽

Joint Interpretation ◽

Unselected Population ◽

Intelligence Test Scores ◽

Technical College Students

This is the third of a series of papers dealing with the effects of repeated retesting on intelligence test scores. It comprises an account of two further experiments, and a discussion of the four so far performed, since each throws light on the results of the others and it is their joint interpretation which is thought to be of value. The two earlier experiments consisted in repeated testing of a group of W.E.A. students and a group of mentally defective boys by an intelligence test (AH 4) designed for an unselected population. In the two later experiments, a group of Technical College students and a group of Naval Ratings were repeatedly tested on another intelligence test (AH 5), designed for a population of high-grade intelligence, such as university students. Examination of all the results confirms the artificiality of the “ceiling effect” which was suspected in the first experiment; it suggests that, given sufficient scope, subjects of all levels of intelligence would, with repeated trials on the same test, continue to improve their score up to and beyond 10 testing; and that, given comparable opportunity, subjects with initially higher scores will tend to improve more than those with initially lower scores. All these results concern short-term experiments with testing at weekly intervals. The four sets of results considered jointly indicate that conclusions on these problems should be drawn only in terms of the relation between the level of the test and that of the group tested: this offers some resolution of the conflicting findings of earlier investigators.

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Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Physical and Cognitive Performance at 17 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.88.4.828 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 828-833

Author(s):

Daniel S. Seidman ◽

Ido Paz ◽

David K. Stevenson ◽

Arie Laor ◽

Yehuda L. Danon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Scores ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

School Achievement ◽

Ethnic Origin ◽

Full Term ◽

Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽

Intelligence Test ◽

Coombs Test ◽

Intelligence Test Scores ◽

The Military

To estimate the effect of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia on long-term cognitive ability in full-term newborns with a negative Coombs test, we performed a 17-year historical prospective study of 1948 subjects. Intelligence tests and medical examinations performed at the military draft board were stratified according to serum bilirubin concentration. A logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for the confounding effects of gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, ethnic origin, socioeconomic class, paternal education, birth order, and the administration of phototherapy and exchange transfusion. No direct linear association was shown between neonatal bilirubin levels and intelligence test scores or school achievement at 17 years of age. However, the risk for low intelligence test scores (IQ score <85) was found to be significantly higher (P = .014) among full-term male subjects with serum bilirubin levels above 342 µmol/L (20 mg/dL) (odds ratio, 2.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-6.79). This association was not observed among female subjects. We conclude that severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, among full-term male newborns with a negative Coombs test, could be associated with lower IQ scores at 17 years of age.

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