Seatbelt Use and Belief in Destiny in a Sample of South African Black and White Drivers

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 732-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Black And White ◽  
African Black

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between fatalism and seatbelt use. The sample included 100 Black and 100 White drivers recruited from shopping complexes and petrol stations in an urban area in the Northern Province of South Africa. Seatbelt use of drivers was recorded unobtrusively, and self-reported seatbelt use and belief in destiny (fatalism) were subsequently obtained by interview. A total of 44% Black and 50% White drivers (47% men and 47% women) were observed wearing their seatbelts. The majority of the drivers (84% of Blacks and 79% of Whites) did not have a fatalistic orientation. A nonfatalistic orientation was significantly associated with observed seatbelt use and self-reported seatbelt use. Logistic regression analysis identified a nonfatalistic orientation as independent predictor for observed seatbelt use.

scholarly journals Non-Smoker’s Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke in South Africa during 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8112
Author(s):  
Senamile P. Ngobese ◽  
Catherine O. Egbe ◽  
Mukhethwa Londani ◽  
Olalekan A. Ayo-Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
South African ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Current South African tobacco control law allows for 25% designated smoking areas in some indoor public places. This study investigates non-smokers’ exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) in workplaces, homes, cafés/restaurants, and shebeens (local bars) using data from the 2017 South African Social Attitude Survey. Factors associated with any level of exposure were explored using multiple-variable-adjusted logistic regression analysis. The sample of 3063 participants (16+ years old), comprised 51.7% females and 78.5% Black Africans. The current smoking prevalence from this study was 21.5%. About 47% of non-smokers reported exposure to SHS in at least one location. Females were significantly less likely to be exposed to SHS in all locations except at home compared to males. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that females, adults aged 45–54 years, 55–64 years, and 65+ years were significantly less likely to be exposed to SHS (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.63, 0.60, 0.55, and 0.24, respectively) than males and those aged 16–24 years. Those who identified as Coloureds were significantly more likely to be exposed to SHS (AOR = 1.69) than Black Africans. This study found that nearly half of non-smokers reported exposure to SHS. A 100% smoke-free policy consistent with the World Health Organisation (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control would protect more people from exposure to SHS in South Africa.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Admission D-dimer for Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Outcomes after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Yang Lin ◽  
Han-Chuan Chen ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Sun-Ying Wang ◽  
Hong-mei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background DD was found to be associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and renal insufficiency. However, it is uncertain whether DD is an independent risk factor of CI-AKI in patients undergoing pPCI. Methods We prospectively enrolled 550 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI between January 2012 and December 2016. The predictive value of admission DD for CI-AKI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and multivariable logistic regression analysis. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dl or a relative increase in serum creatinine ≥50% within 48 h of contrast medium exposure. Results Overall, the incidence of CI-AKI was 13.1%. The ROC analysis showed that the cutoff point of DD was 0.69 ug/ml for predicting CI-AKI with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 57.3%. The predictive value of DD was similar to the Mehran score for CI-AKI (AUC DD =0.729 vs AUC Mehran =0.722; p =0.8298). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that DD >0.69 ug/ml was an independent predictor of CI-AKI (odds ratio[OR]=3.37,95%CI:1.80-6.33, p <0.0001). Furthermore, DD >0.69 ug/ml was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality during during a mean follow-up period of 16 months(hazard ratio=3.41, 95%CI:1.4-8.03, p =0.005). Conclusion admission DD >0.69 ug/ml is a significant and independent predictor of CI-AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing pPCI.

scholarly journals A Composite Index Predicts Disease Progression in Early Stages of COVID-19: a Propensity Score-matched Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Xu ◽  
Shaobo Hu ◽  
Suzhen Li ◽  
Weimin Wang ◽  
Yuzhe Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Early Stages

Abstract Background: Thus far, studies on COVID-19 have focused on the epidemiology of the disease and clinical characteristics of patients (14-19), as well as on the risk factors associated with mortality during hospitalization in critical COVID-19 cases. However, no research has been performed on the prediction of progression in patients in the early stages of the disease. The aim of this work was to identify the early predictors of COVID-19 progression.Methods: The study included 338 patients with COVID-19 treated at two hospitals in Wuhan, Chian, from December, 2019 to March, 2020. Predictors of the progression of COVID-19 from mild to severe stages were selected by the logistic regression analysis. The predictive accuracy was evaluated further in the propensity score-matched cohort.Results: COVID-19 progression to severe and critical stages was confirmed in 78(23.1%) patients. The average value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was higher in patients in the disease progression group than in the improvement group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated NLR, LDH, and IL-10, were independent predictors of disease progression. The optimal cut-off value of NLR for predicting the progression of COVID-19 was 3.75. In the propensity score-matched cohort, NLR ≥ 3.75 was still an independent predictor of COVID-19 progression after multivariate analysis.Conclusions: The performed analysis demonstrates that NLR qualifies as an independent predictor of disease progression in COVID-19 patients at the early stage of the disease. The combined evaluation of NLR and LDH improved the accuracy of the prediction of COVID-19 progression. Assessment of predictors might facilitate early identification of COVID-19 patients at high risk for disease progression and ensure timely administration of appropriate treatment to prevent mild cases from becoming severe.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Admission D-dimer for Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Outcomes after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Yang Lin ◽  
Han-Chuan Chen ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Sun-Ying Wang ◽  
Hong-mei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background DD was found to be associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and renal insufficiency. However, it is uncertain whether DD is an independent risk factor of CI-AKI in patients undergoing pPCI. Methods We prospectively enrolled 550 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI between January 2012 and December 2016. The predictive value of admission DD for CI-AKI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and multivariable logistic regression analysis. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dl or a relative increase in serum creatinine ≥50% within 48 h of contrast medium exposure. Results Overall, the incidence of CI-AKI was 13.1%. The ROC analysis showed that the cutoff point of DD was 0.69 ug/ml for predicting CI-AKI with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 57.3%. The predictive value of DD was similar to the Mehran score for CI-AKI (AUC DD =0.729 vs AUC Mehran =0.722; p =0.8298). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that DD >0.69 ug/ml was an independent predictor of CI-AKI (odds ratio[OR]=3.37,95%CI:1.80-6.33, p <0.0001). Furthermore, DD >0.69 ug/ml was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality during during a mean follow-up period of 16 months(hazard ratio=3.41, 95%CI:1.4-8.03, p =0.005). Conclusion admission DD >0.69 ug/ml is a significant and independent predictor of CI-AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing pPCI.

Abstract 12535: Decreased Six-Minute Walk Distance at Hospital Discharge, Its Cut-off Value of 370 Meters, is an Independent Predictor for Poor Activities of Daily Living After Discharge in Elderly Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Nozaki ◽  
Takashi Masuda ◽  
Kentaro Kamiya ◽  
Nobuaki Hamazaki ◽  
Ryota Matsuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Minute Walk Distance

Background: Elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) is well known to have poor activities of daily living (ADL) after hospital discharge because of their prolonged hospital stays and subsequent physical deconditioning. Although many studies demonstrated that decreased six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was an independent predictor of rehospitalization and mortality in them, the relationship between decreased 6MWD and poor ADL is not thoroughly evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether decreased 6MWD measured at hospital discharge reflected poor ADL after discharge in elderly patients with CHF. Methods: We recruited 290 patients, 179 males and 111 females, who were 65 years or more and admitted to our hospital because of first heart failure. We excluded the patients who had needed assistance with ADL or walking aid before admission. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide, left ventricular ejection fraction, 6MWD and motor functions including isometric quadriceps strength and one-leg standing time were measured at hospital discharge. ADL was evaluated using the performance measure for ADL-8 (PMADL-8) 3 months after discharge, while PMADL-8 score of 20 or more indicated poor ADL. To determine significant predictors affecting poor ADL and their cut-off values, a multivariate logistic regression analysis and the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were performed. Results: Patients’ mean age was 75.4 ± 6.4 years old and their mean PMADL-8 and 6MWD were 18.9 ± 5.9 points and 379 ± 109 meters, respectively. The univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, 6MWD, quadriceps strength, one-leg standing time were significant predictors for PMADL-8 of ≥20 points (P<0.05, respectively). The multivariate logistic regression analysis detected only 6MWD as a significant and independent predictor for PMADL-8 of ≥20 points (P<0.001). The odds ratio of poor ADL was 1.16 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-1.25, P<0.001) with each 10-meter decrease of 6MWD. The ROC curve showed 370 meters as a cut-off value of 6MWD. Conclusions: Decreased 6MWD at hospital discharge was identified as an independent strong predictor for poor ADL after discharge in elderly patients with CHF, and its cut-off value was 370 meters.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Admission D-dimer for Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Outcomes after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Yang Lin ◽  
Han-Chuan Chen ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Sun-Ying Wang ◽  
Hong-mei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background DD was found to be associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and renal insufficiency. However, it is uncertain whether DD is an independent risk factor of CI-AKI in patients undergoing pPCI. Methods We prospectively enrolled 550 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI between January 2012 and December 2016. The predictive value of admission DD for CI-AKI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and multivariable logistic regression analysis. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dl or a relative increase in serum creatinine ≥50% within 48 h of contrast medium exposure. Results Overall, the incidence of CI-AKI was 13.1%. The ROC analysis showed that the cutoff point of DD was 0.69 ug/ml for predicting CI-AKI with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 57.3%. The predictive value of DD was similar to the Mehran score for CI-AKI (AUC DD =0.729 vs AUC Mehran =0.722; p =0.8298). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that DD >0.69 ug/ml was an independent predictor of CI-AKI (odds ratio[OR]=3.37,95%CI:1.80-6.33, p <0.0001). Furthermore, DD >0.69 ug/ml was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality during during a mean follow-up period of 16 months(hazard ratio=3.41, 95%CI:1.4-8.03, p =0.005). Conclusion admission DD >0.69 ug/ml is a significant and independent predictor of CI-AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing pPCI.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Admission D-dimer for Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Outcomes after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Yang Lin ◽  
Han-Chuan Chen ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Sun-Ying Wang ◽  
Hong-mei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background DD was found to be associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and renal insufficiency. However, it is uncertain whether DD is an independent risk factor of CI-AKI in patients undergoing pPCI.Methods We prospectively enrolled 550 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI between January 2012 and December 2016. The predictive value of admission DD for CI-AKI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and multivariable logistic regression analysis. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dl or a relative increase in serum creatinine ≥50% within 48 h of contrast medium exposure.Results Overall, the incidence of CI-AKI was 13.1%. The ROC analysis showed that the cutoff point of DD was 0.69 ug/ml for predicting CI-AKI with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 57.3%. The predictive value of DD was similar to the Mehran score for CI-AKI (AUC DD =0.729 vs AUC Mehran =0.722; p =0.8298). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that DD >0.69 ug/ml was an independent predictor of CI-AKI (odds ratio[OR]=3.37,95%CI:1.80-6.33, p <0.0001). Furthermore, DD >0.69 ug/ml was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality during during a mean follow-up period of 16 months(hazard ratio=3.41, 95%CI:1.4-8.03, p =0.005).Conclusion admission DD >0.69 ug/ml is a significant and independent predictor of CI-AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing pPCI.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Admission D-dimer for Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Outcomes after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Yang Lin ◽  
Han-Chuan Chen ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Sun-Ying Wang ◽  
Hong-mei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background DD was found to be associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and renal insufficiency. However, it is uncertain whether DD is an independent risk factor of CI-AKI in patients undergoing pPCI.Methods We prospectively enrolled 550 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI between January 2012 and December 2016. The predictive value of admission DD for CI-AKI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and multivariable logistic regression analysis. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dl or a relative increase in serum creatinine ≥50% within 48 h of contrast medium exposure.Results Overall, the incidence of CI-AKI was 13.1%. The ROC analysis showed that the cutoff point of DD was 0.69 ug/ml for predicting CI-AKI with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 57.3%. The predictive value of DD was similar to the Mehran score for CI-AKI (AUC DD =0.729 vs AUC Mehran =0.722; p =0.8298). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that DD >0.69 ug/ml was an independent predictor of CI-AKI (odds ratio[OR]=3.37,95%CI:1.80-6.33, p <0.0001). Furthermore, DD >0.69 ug/ml was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality during during a mean follow-up period of 16 months(hazard ratio=3.41, 95%CI:1.4-8.03, p =0.005).Conclusion admission DD >0.69 ug/ml is a significant and independent predictor of CI-AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing pPCI.

scholarly journals Predictive Value of Admission D-dimer for Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury and Poor Outcomes after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Yang Lin ◽  
Han-Chuan Chen ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Sun-Ying Wang ◽  
Hong-mei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Independent Predictor ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract DD was found to be associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and renal insufficiency. However, it is uncertain whether DD is an independent risk factor of CI-AKI in patients undergoing pPCI.Methods We prospectively enrolled 550 consecutive patients undergoing pPCI between January 2012 and December 2016. The predictive value of admission DD for CI-AKI was assessed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) and multivariable logistic regression analysis. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dl or a relative increase in serum creatinine ≥50% within 48 h of contrast medium exposure.Results Overall, the incidence of CI-AKI was 13.1%. The ROC analysis showed that the cutoff point of DD was 0.69 ug/ml for predicting CI-AKI with a sensitivity of 77.8% and a specificity of 57.3%. The predictive value of DD was similar to the Mehran score for CI-AKI (AUC DD =0.729 vs AUC Mehran =0.722; p =0.8298). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that DD >0.69 ug/ml was an independent predictor of CI-AKI (odds ratio[OR]=3.37,95%CI:1.80-6.33, p <0.0001). Furthermore, DD >0.69 ug/ml was associated with an increased risk of long-term mortality during during a mean follow-up period of 16 months(hazard ratio=3.41, 95%CI:1.4-8.03, p =0.005).Conclusion admission DD >0.69 ug/ml is a significant and independent predictor of CI-AKI and long-term mortality in patients undergoing pPCI.

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