Current knowledge about cardiomyocytes maturation and endogenous myocardial regeneration. Background to apply this potential in humans with end-stage heart failure

Abstract Heart failure (HF) is a clinical status defined as a final stage of many cardiac diseases featured by severely impaired systolic myocardial performance in a result of dramatic decline in a number of properly functioning cardiomyocytes. Currently, the available therapeutic options for HF patients are not applicable in all of them. Up to now, many strategies to increase a number of normal cardiomyocytes have been proposed. One of them, the most physiological one at glance, seems to be a stimulation of post-mitotic cardiomyocytes to proliferate/or cardiac stem cells to differentiate. In this review article, detailed background of such method of myocardial regeneration, including the physiological processes of cardiomyocyte transformation and maturation, is presented. Moreover, the latest directions of basic research devoted to develop sufficient and safe cardiomyocyte-based therapies of the end-stage HF individuals are discussed. Concluding, this direction of further research seems to be justified particularly in a view of human population aging, an increased prevalence of HF and higher expectations of improved efficiency of patients’ care.

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Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Komal Kamra ◽

Glyn D. Williams

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Clinical Status ◽

Hemodynamic Instability ◽

Anesthesia Care ◽

Invasive Procedures ◽

Cardiac Pathophysiology ◽

Common Causes ◽

End Stage Heart Failure ◽

End Stage

Congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy are common causes of heart failure in children. Among cardiomyopathies, dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of heart transplant in children. These patients with end-stage heart failure secondary to cardiomyopathy present for multiple interventions requiring anesthesia and may be challenging to manage because of their hemodynamic instability. Thoughtful, collaborative planning and execution of perioperative care is recommended to optimize patient outcomes. This includes good understanding of the patient’s clinical status and the relevant cardiac pathophysiology. Also, an appreciation of the implications of heart failure therapies and the invasive procedures for which the patient requires anesthesia care.

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Localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the normal and failing human atrial myocardium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100166397 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 786-787

Author(s):

Chi-Ming Wei ◽

Margarita Bracamonte ◽

Shi-Wen Jiang ◽

Richard C. Daly ◽

Christopher G.A. McGregor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Cardiac Tissues ◽

Mammalian Tissues ◽

End Stage Heart Failure ◽

End Stage ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent endothelium-derived relaxing factor which also may modulate cardiomyocyte inotropism and growth via increasing cGMP. While endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) isoforms have been detected in non-human mammalian tissues, expression and localization of eNOS in the normal and failing human myocardium are poorly defined. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate eNOS in human cardiac tissues in the presence and absence of congestive heart failure (CHF).Normal and failing atrial tissue were obtained from six cardiac donors and six end-stage heart failure patients undergoing primary cardiac transplantation. ENOS protein expression and localization was investigated utilizing Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining with the polyclonal rabbit antibody to eNOS (Transduction Laboratories, Lexington, Kentucky).

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