scholarly journals Influence of Rare Earth Metals on Microstructure and Inclusions Morphology G17CrMo5-5 Cast Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kasińska
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Metallic Inclusions

Abstract This paper presents influence of rare earth metals (REM) on the microstructure and morphology of non-metallic inclusions of G17CrMo5-5 cast carbon steel The research has been performed on successive industrial melts. Each time about 2000 kg of liquid metal was modified. The REM was in the form of mishmetal of the composition 49, 8% Ce, 21, 8% La, 17, 1% Nd, 5, 5% Pr and 5, 35% the rest of REM. Therareearth metals were put into the ladle during tapping of heat melt from the furnace.

scholarly journals Wide – Ranging Influence of Mischmetal on Properties of GP240GH Cast Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
J. Kasińska ◽  
M. Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Inclusion Morphology ◽  
Three Point Bend Test ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents influence of rare earth metals (REM) on the properties of GP240GH cast carbon steel. The research has been performed on successive industrial melts. Each time ca 2000 kg of liquid metal was modified. The rare earth metals were put into the ladle during tapping of heat melt from the furnace. Because of this the amount of sulphur in the cast steel was decreased and the non-metallic inclusion morphology was significantly changed. It was found that non metallic inclusions the cracking mechanism of Charpy specimens and the impact strength were all changed. The following properties were tested: mechanical properties (σy, σUTS), plastic properties (necking, elongation) and impact strength (SCI). In the three-point bend test the KJC stress intensity factor was evaluated.

Phase Equilibria in a Liquid Metal of Fe-La-Ce-O System at 1600 °С

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 468-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady G. Mikhailov ◽  
L.A. Makrovets ◽  
O.V. Samoilova
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Liquid Iron ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Oxide Systems ◽  
Calculation Technique ◽  
Steelmaking Technology

Thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria in a liquid metal of Fe–La–Ce–O system at 1600 °С, using the technique of constructing the solubility surfaces for the components of a metal, was carried out. The calculation technique allowed assessing the depth of liquid iron de-oxidation at a complex use of lanthanum and cerium as deoxidizing agents. Also, diagrams of de-oxidants’ consumption for one ton of liquid oxygen-containing iron were calculated in the course of the work. Carrying out a calculation of the solubility surfaces for the components of a metal required simulation of phase diagrams of the following oxide systems: FeO–La2O3–Ce2O3, FeO–CeO2–La2O3, CeO2–La2O3–Ce2O3. The obtained results might be of interest for optimization of the use of rare-earth metals in steelmaking technology.

scholarly journals The Influence Of The Rare Earth Metals Modification On The Fracture Toughness Of G17CrMo5-5 Cast Steel At Low Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 773-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Dzioba ◽  
J. Kasińska ◽  
R. Pała
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Reference Temperature ◽  
Brittle To Ductile Transition ◽  
The Rare Earth

Abstract This paper presents the influence of the rare earth metals (REM) modification on mechanical properties and fracture toughness of G17CrMo5-5 cast steel at low temperatures. The REM was in the form of mishmetal. The research has been performed on serial (several) industrial melts. The fracture toughness values of unmodified and modified cast steel at the temperature range from −80°C to 20°C were tested. The reference temperatures of the brittle-to-ductile transition, TQ, for both unmodified and modified cast steel were determined. The positive influence of the modification by REM on the fracture toughness and the reference temperature TQ are shown.

THERMODYNAMICS OF THE PROCESSES OF INTERACTION OF LIQUID METAL COMPONENTS IN Fe – Mg – Al – La – O SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
G. G. Mikhailov ◽  
L. A. Makrovets ◽  
L. A. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Oxide Systems ◽  
Metal Melts ◽  
Steel Deoxidation

At the present time, rare-earth elements in metallurgy are used in  the form of mischmetal – a rare-earth elements natural mixture (with  atomic numbers from 57 to 71). It contains about 50  wt.  % of cerium.  The remaining elements are mainly lanthanum and niobium. The specific composition is determined by the ore deposit. Inconstant composition of the modifier containing rare-earth metals (REM) can significantly reduce its efficiency. Experimentally, for every branded steels  composition the ratio of various REMs can’t be selected because of the  high costs of obtaining technically pure rare-earth metals. The task of  determining the each rare earth element optimum concentrations and  complex ligature composition can be solved by thermodynamic modeling. In the framework of thermodynamic modeling, the interaction  between magnesium, aluminum and lanthanum with oxygen in liquid  iron is presented. And the thermodynamic model of steel deoxidation  by these active metals composition is considered. On the basis of available literature data on the phase diagrams of the systems MgO – Al2O3 ,  MgO – La2O3 and La2O3 – Al2O3 , the coordinates of the invariant equilibria points in the system MgO – La2O3 – Al2O3 were determined. The  phase diagram of the system MgO – La2O3 – Al2O3 was constructed. It  made possible to establish all phase equilibria realized in the process  of deoxidation of steel with magnesium, lanthanum and aluminum and  to describe these phase equilibria by chemical reactions equations. The  activity of the components in liquid oxide melts was determined using  the theory of subregular ionic solutions, which takes into account the  dependence of the coordination number of cations on the composition  of the oxide melt. The activity of components in metal melts conjugated with oxide systems were determined by Wagner’s theory using the  parameters of the first order interaction. Equilibrium constants values  for the steel deoxidation reactions are installed indirectly by thermodynamic calculations. On the basis of the obtained data the components  solubility surface in the metal melts of Fe – Mg – Al – La – O system  was constructed, which allowed to determine the liquid metal composition regions associated with the corresponding oxide phase.

Thermodynamic optimization of the Dy–Nd–Fe–B system and application in the recovery and recycling of rare earth metals from NdFeB magnet

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 2246-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Aline Van Ende ◽  
In-Ho Jung ◽  
Yong-Hwan Kim ◽  
Taek-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Thermodynamic Optimization ◽  
Ndfeb Magnet ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Selective Recovery

The developed thermodynamic database for the Dy–Nd–Fe–B–Mg system enables the calculation of complex phase diagrams for the selective recovery of Nd and Dy from NdFeB magnet scrap using the liquid metal extraction process.

scholarly journals Experimental – Numerical Analysis of Stress State in Front of the Crack Tip of Modified and Unmodified G17CrMo5-5 Cast Steel by Rare Earth Metals in a Brittle-Ductile Transition Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 1175-1181
Author(s):  
I. Dzioba ◽  
R. Pala ◽  
J. Kasinska
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Crack Extension ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Brittle Ductile Transition

Abstract In the paper presented experimental data and numerical analysis of stress distribution in front of the crack of two melts of low-alloy G17CrMo5-5 cast steel-modified (M) by rare earth metals and original, unmodified (UM) in the temperature range, according to the brittle-ductile transition region. Experimental tests include determination of the tensile properties and fracture toughness characteristics for the UM and M cast steel. Numerical analysis includes determination of stress distribution in front of the crack at the initial moment of the crack extension. In the numerical computations, experimentally tested specimens SEN(B) were modeled. The true stress-strain curves for the UM and M cast steel were used in the calculation. It was shown that the maximum of the opening stresses at the initial moment of the crack extension occurs in the axis of the specimens and reaches similar level of about 3.5σ0 for both UM and M cast steel. However, the length of the critical distance, measured for stress level equal 3σ0, is great for the M in comparison to the UM cast steel. Also was shown that the UM cast steel increased the level of the stress state triaxiality parameters that resulted in a decrease of fracture toughness.

Effect of alkaline and rare-earth metals on the composition of sulfide inclusions and properties of cast steel

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 931-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Aksel'rod ◽  
V. V. Popov ◽  
A. F. Filippenkov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Rare Earth Metals

scholarly journals Effects of Rare Earth Metal Addition on Wear Resistance of Chromium-Molybdenum Cast Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kasinska ◽  
B. Kalandyk
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Miller Test ◽  
Optical Profilometer

Abstract This paper discusses changes in the microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of G17CrMo5-5 cast steel modified with rare earth metals (REM). The changes were assessed using scanning microscopy. The wear response was determined in the Miller test to ASTM G75. Abrasion tests were supplemented with the surface profile measurements of non-modified and modified cast steel using a Talysurf CCI optical profilometer. It was demonstrated that the modification substantially affected the microstructure of the alloy, leading to grain size reduction and changed morphology of non-metallic inclusions. The observed changes in the microstructure resulted in a three times higher impact strength (from 33 to 99 kJ/cm2) and more than two times higher resistance to cracking (from 116 to 250 MPa). The following surface parameters were computed: Sa: Arithmetic mean deviation of the surface, Sq: Root-mean-square deviation of the surface, Sp: Maximum height of the peak Sv: Maximum depth of the valley, Sz: Ten Point Average, Ssk: Asymmetry of the surface, Sku: Kurtosis of the surface. The findings also indicated that the addition of rare earth metals had a positive effect on the abrasion behaviour of G17CrMo5-5 cast steel.

Cold resistance of low-carbon steel with rare earth metals

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 929-932
Author(s):  
N. I. Butko ◽  
I. V. Navrotskii ◽  
Yu. Z. Sokol'skii
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon
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