scholarly journals The anti-acetylcholinesterase, insecticidal and antifungal activities of the entophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. isolated from Ricinus communis L. against Locusta migratoria L. and Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125
Author(s):  
Djamel Eddine Laib ◽  
Abdelmadjid Benzara ◽  
Salah Akkal ◽  
Chawki Bensouici
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Fungal Extract ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate anti-acetylcholinesterase and insecticidal and antifungal activities of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp, isolated from Ricinus communis L. leaves, against Locusta migratoria L. and Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.. To evaluate the insecticidal and antifungal activities, different concentrations of the fungal extract were applied against L. migratoria (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 g/l) and against B. cinerea (1, 2, 3 g/l). It was found that the mortality of the targeted insects was positively proportional to fungal extract concentration and time after exposure (24, 48, 72 hours). The concentration 0.4 g/l appeared to be the most effective after 72 hours with mortality rate of 56.52%. Regarding antifungal activity, the concentration 3 g/l was the most effective against B. cinerea after 7 days, with an inhibition rate of 92.06% (excellent antifungal activity). Moreover, it was found that at 4 ug/ml the fungal extract had a maximum inhibitory capacity of Ache of 80% for acetylcholenesterase. Preliminary phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and saponins. In addition the colony of this endophytic fungus produced chitinases and proteases, which explained its important antifungal and insecticidal activities.

scholarly journals The insecticidal activity of the endophytic fungus Isaria fumosorosea Wize isolated from the leaves of the Ricinus communis L. against Locusta migratoria L. and Acanthoscelides obtectus Say

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Djamel Eddine Laib ◽  
Abdelmadjid Benzara ◽  
Salah Akkal
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Isaria Fumosorosea ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Fungal Extract ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus Say

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the endophytic fungus Isaria fumosorosea Wize isolated from Ricinus communis L. against Locusta migratoria L. and Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. To evaluate the insecticidal activity, a mixture of fungal extract and spore suspensions (1x107, 1x106 and 1x105 spores/ml of dissolved extract) were applied against the insects. It was found that I. fumosorosea had a good insecticidal activity, positively proportional to concentration and time after exposure (24, 48, 72 hours). A maximum mortality rate of 80% for A. obtectus and 70% for L. migratoria at 1x107 spores/ml of dissolved extract was recorded. Preliminary phytochemical analyses of the fungal extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols. Additionally, a fungal development on the insects bodies has also been noticed; that is undoubtedly explained the recorded insecticidal activity.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Pyrimidine Derivatives Containing an Amide Moiety

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenneng Wu ◽  
Wenjun Lan ◽  
Chenyan Wu ◽  
Qiang Fei
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biological Test ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
First Report ◽  
Better Than

In this study, 17 novel pyrimidine derivatives containing an amide moiety were synthesized. Then their in vitro antifungal activities against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea), Phomopsis sp., and Botrytis cinereal (B. cinereal) were determined. A preliminary biological test showed that compounds 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-(2-((2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)benzamide (5f) and 5-bromo-2-fluoro-N-(3-((2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy)phenyl)benzamide (5o) exhibited higher antifungal activity against Phomopsis sp., with an inhibition rate of 100% compared to that of Pyrimethanil at 85.1%. In particular, compound 5o exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Phompsis sp., with the EC50 value of 10.5 μg/ml, which was even better than that of Pyrimethanil (32.1 μg/ml). As far as we know, this is the first report on the antifungal activities against B. dothidea, Phomopsis sp., and B. cinereal of this series of pyrimidine derivatives containing an amide moiety.

scholarly journals Two New Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus, Seimatosporium sp

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Karsten Krohn ◽  
Barbara Schulz ◽  
Siegfried Draeger ◽  
Mamona Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolites ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
C Nmr

Two new acaranoic acids, named seimatoporic acid A and B (1, and 2), together with six known compounds, R-(-)-mellein (3), cis-4-hydroxymellein (4), trans-4-hydroxymellein (5), 4R-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (6), (-)-5-hydroxymethylmellein (7), and ergosterol (8) were isolated from an endophytic fungus, Seimatosporium sp, by a bioassay-guided procedure. The structures of the new compounds have been assigned from analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra, DEPT, and by 2D COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY experiments. A mixture of compounds 1 and 2 showed strong antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, Septoria tritici, and Pyricularia oryzae.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Vernonia amygdalina Extract against Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold Disease on Tomato Fruits

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Fairuz Yusoff ◽  
Farah Farhanah Haron ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽  
Norhayu Asib ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Crude Extracts

Gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is a damaging postharvest disease in tomato plants, and it is known to be a limiting factor in tomato production. This study aimed to evaluate antifungal activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts against B. cinerea and to screen the phytochemical compound in the crude extract that had the highest antifungal activity. In this study, crude extracts of hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts with concentration levels at 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg/mL were shown to significantly affect the inhibition of B. cinerea. Among the crude extracts, dichloromethane extract was shown to be the most potent in terms of antifungal activities. The SEM observation proved that the treatment altered the fungal morphology, which leads to fungal growth inhibition. For the in vivo bioassay, the fruits treated with dichloromethane extract at 400 and 500 mg/mL showed the lowest disease incidence with mild severity of infection. There were 23 chemical compounds identified in V. amygdalina dichloromethane extract using GCMS analysis. The top five major compounds were dominated by squalene (16.92%), phytol (15.05%), triacontane (11.31%), heptacosane (7.14%), and neophytadiene (6.28%). Some of these significant compounds possess high antifungal activities. This study proved that V. amygdalina from dichloromethane extract could be useful for inhibiting gray mold disease on tomato fruit and has potential as a natural antifungal agent.

Characteristics and Function of the Chitin Binding Protein from Xenorhabdus nematophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-422
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Ping Song ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Ziyan Nangong ◽  
Xiaobei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Colloidal Chitin ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Xenorhabdus Nematophila ◽  
Chitin Binding Protein ◽  
And Function

Background: Genome sequence analysis (GenBank access No.: FN667742.1) shows that Xenorhabdus nematophila ATCC19061 contains one gene (Xn-cbp) encoding chitin binding protein (Xn-CBP). Objective: The present work aims to clarify the characteristics and function of Xn-CBP from X. nematophila HB310. Methods: In this study, the Xn-cbp gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Substrate binding assays were performed to explain the ability of Xn-CBP combined with the polysaccharide. The insecticidal toxicity of Xn-CBP against the second-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera was determined by feeding method. Besides, the antifungal activity of Xn-CBP against Coniothyrium diplodiella, Verticillium dahlia, and Fusarium oxysporum was tested by spore germination assay and hyphal extension assay. Results: Xn-CBP encoded 199 amino acids with a calculated mass of 28 kDa, which contained a signal peptide and a chitin binding domain. The Bmax and Kd values of Xn-CBP to colloidal chitin were 2.46 and 4.08, respectively. Xn-CBP had insecticidal activity against the H. armigera with a growth inhibition rate of 84.08%. Xn-CBP had the highest spore germination inhibitory effect on C. diplodiella with the inhibition rate of 83.11%. The hyphal growth inhibition rate of Xn-CBP to F. oxysporum, 41.52%, was higher than the other two fungi. Conclusion: The Xn-CBP had the highest binding ability to colloidal chitin and it showed insecticidal activity and antifungal activity. The present study laid a foundation for further exploitation and utilization of X. nematophila.

Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel 1-(Adamantan-1-yl) ethanone Oxime Esters

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-532
Author(s):  
Si Liu ◽  
Li-Zhi Niu ◽  
Yan-Hua Shi ◽  
Fu-Xian Wan ◽  
Lin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Lead Compound ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Background: Oxime compounds, including oxime ethers and oxime esters, possess various biological activities. Many oxime ethers have been widely used in the fields of pesticides and medicines. However, oxime ethers are rarely used in the field of pesticides. Methods: We chose the excellent fungicide pyrifenox as the lead compound, integrated pyridinyl, adamantyl and benzoyl moieties into one molecule, while also designed and synthesized ten 1- (adamantan-1-yl)ethanone oxime esters containing pyridinyl moiety. Moreover, we also evaluated their preliminary antifungal activities against S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea. Results: The target compounds were characterized by NMR, IR and HRMS. The preliminary bioactivity test showed that they exhibited some antifungal activity to S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, and EC50 values were in the range of 14.16-32.97 and 27.60-52.82 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Some target compounds such as 3d, 3e, 3h and 3i, exhibited moderate activities against S. sclerotiorum, with EC50 values of 14.16-18.18 μg/mL.

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