A Chromatographic Analysis for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Small Quantities of Cigarette Smoke Condensate

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Severson ◽  
M. E. Snook ◽  
O. T. Chortyk ◽  
R. F. Arrendale
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Step Method

AbstractA four-step method has been described for the quantitative analysis of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in smoke condensate from 90 or more cigarettes. It involves the extraction of condensate solution with water, silicic acid and gel filtration chromatography, then separation and quantitation by gas chromatography. Individual PAH or totaI PAH profiles of condensates from different cigarettes can now be compared. The method was applied to reference, commercial nonfilter, and commercial filter cigarettes. The details and advantages of the method are elaborated.

Multi-alkylated Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Tobacco Smoke: Separation and Identification

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Snook ◽  
R. F. Severson ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
H. C. Higman ◽  
O. T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Gas And Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Silicic Acid Chromatography ◽  
Derivatives Of

AbstractThe methyl, multi-methyl, and ethyl derivatives of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were isolated from the neutrals by silicic acid chromatography, solvent partitioning and gel chromatography. The procedure yielded a relatively pure PAH isolate amenable to further identifications. The multi-alkylated PAH were concentrated in the early gel fractions with parent and higher ring PAH found in subsequent gel fractions. It was shown that CSC is very rich in alkylated PAH, and their successful identification required extensive use of gas and liquid chromatography and ultra-violet and GC - mass spectrometric techniques. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) separated individual isomers of the alkylated PAH in complex GC peaks. PAH from indene to pentamethylchrysene were found. This report concludes our identification studies on the PAH of CSC and complements our two previous reports in this journal. Collectively, our studies have identified approximately 1000 PAH of cigarette smoke condensate and have led to the development of methods for the routine quantitation of PAH in smalI quantities of cigarette smoke condensate.

scholarly journals The ldentification of High Molecular Weight Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Biologically Active Fraction of Cigarette Smoke Condensate

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Snook ◽  
R.F. Severson ◽  
R.F. Arrendale ◽  
H.C. Higman ◽  
O.T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Preparative Gas Chromatography

AbstractA gel filtration chromatography method was developed for the isolation and concentration of the high molecular weight polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) contained in the most biologically active fraction of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). The unusually complex mixture of large PAH found in CSC necessitated the use of preparative gas chromatography followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography to achieve separation and identification. Mass spectral, ultra-violet absorption, and chromatographic retention data were needed for the comprehensive identification of the large molecular weight PAH components of CSC. The majority of the more than 200 isolated compounds were identified. Compounds newly identified in CSC included 3,4-dimethylenepyrene, 3,4-trimethylenepyrene, cyclopenta(c,-d)pyrene, 4,5-methylenetriphenylene, benzo[b]perylene, and several dibenzofluoranthenes.

scholarly journals Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons of Tobacco Smoke: Isolation and Identification

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Snook ◽  
R. F. Severson ◽  
H. C. Higman ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
O.T. Chortyk
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Neutral Fraction ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Separation

AbstractA neutral fraction of cigarette smoke condensate, which had shown biological activity and was known to contain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), was fractionated by analytical gel filtration chromatography. These gel fractions were subjected to gas chromatographic separation and their components were identified by relative GC retention times, UV spectra, and mass spectral data. More than 300 PAH, ranging from indene to the dimethylbenzopyrenes, were characterized. This method of isolation has yielded fractions which were more amenable to definitive identifications. The criteria used for identification are tabulated for all the identified PAH compounds.

scholarly journals Correlation of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation Between Pyrolysis and Smoking

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Severson ◽  
W. S. Schlotzhauer ◽  
R. F. Arrendale ◽  
M. E. Snook ◽  
H. C. Higman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Hydrocarbon Formation

AbstractTobacco, its petroleum ether (PE) extract, and the residual extracted tobacco (marc) were pyrolyzed at 650-750°C, 650-850°C, and 700°C, respectively. Analyses of the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) produced showed that the pyrolysis of the tobacco and the PE extract at 700°C produced PAH profiles comparable to those found in cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). The data indicated that most of the alkyl PAH and the major PAH in cigarette smoke are derived from the PE extractables of tobacco. The constituents of the marc were the major precursors for phenols, oxygenated PAH, and Iow molecular weight acids; and those of PE extract were the major producers of high molecular weight acids.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Cigarette Smoke Condensate for Biological Testing: Concentration of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Weak-Acid Fractions

1975 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Chamberlain ◽  
D. B. Waiters ◽  
M. E. Snook ◽  
O. T. Chortyk ◽  
F. J. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Tumorigenic Activity

AbstractCigarette smoke condensate (CSC) was fractionated for bioassay to determine possible tumorigenic activity on mouse skin. Two fractions which previously had shown activity were further separated. A weak-acid fraction (F 8) was separated into three subfractions. A polynuclear aromatic hydrocarboncontaining fraction (F 20) was divided into two fractions by gel permeation chromatography. The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, the suspected active materials in F 20, were successfully concentrated into a fraction (F 55) representing only 0.05 % of CSC. These materials are currently undergoing bioassay.

scholarly journals Analysis of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.W. Robb
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Paper Chromatographic Separation

AbstractA gas-chromatographic procedure using the electron-capture detector is presented. By fractionation of cigarette smoke on silica gel, followed by gas-chromatographic analysis of the fractions, fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified. Application of this procedure to quantitative analysis was demonstrated in the case of benzo[a]pyrene. An analysis for benzo[a]pyrene in cigarette smoke which utilizes paper-chromatographic separation and fluorescence measurements is also presented. This procedure, which gives good precision with a 20-cigarette sample, represents a great simplification of existing methods.

Composition of N – Alkanes and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jatropha curcas Seed Oil from Different Locations

2013 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
E.T. Akhihiero ◽  
E.O. Aluyor ◽  
T.O.K. Audu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Ionization Detector ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Edo State

The hydrocarbon content of Jatropha curcas seed oil obtained from Oleh Community in Delta State, NIFOR farm in Edo State and Ikabigbo in Edo State represented as samples X, Y and Z respectively were investigated using Gas Chromatography with flame ionization detector. The predominant alkanes found in the oil samples are n-Eicosane (C20H42) and n-Docosane (C22H46), while the major polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon found in the oil samples is chrysene. Sample X has the highest percentage of n-Eicosane (65.72%), sample Y has 35.56% n-Eicosane while sample Z has the lowest n-Eicosane (0.23%). Sample Z has the highest percentage of n-Docosane (91.38%), sample Y has 60.11% n-Docosane with sample X being the lowest (22.65%). The percentage of chrysene in sample Y is highest (100%), sample X has 97.47% while sample Z has the lowest percentage of chrysene (44.75%).

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