scholarly journals Water flow model for the Harrier Basin, Kurdistan of Iraq

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad J. Sharif ◽  
Ziyad R. Elias ◽  
Mohummed F. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Hydrologic Module ◽  
Simulated Flow

AbstractSharif A.J., Elias Z.R., Omar M.F.: Water flow model for the Harrier basin, Kurdistan of Iraq. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 32, No. 2, p. 242-247, 2013.The study includes computer topographic and morphologic simulation of water flow produced using a watershed modelling system that uses hydrologic and physical data from the study area. The DEM module, TIN module, Map module and Hydrologic module were used in this study. A land use data, a soil data and rainfall data were used to produce a curve that illustrates quantity of water flow versus time of water flow across the Harrier basin. The calculated water loss rate can be attributed to a number of factors such as joints, faults, bedding and land use (agriculture and forest). Land use and soil characteristics are both important factors affecting water flow rates. The climate in the Harrier basin is semi-arid. Simulated flow data indicate that the top flow rate is 32 m3/s and that water can reach to the basin outlet in 3 hours and 10 minutes.

scholarly journals Influence of Private Forest Land to Farmers Welfare in Yogyakarta Special Province

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Ritohardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting

Forest people land use pratices with economic and ecological orientation have been developed in the vicinity of forest areas. Nevertheless, policy makers view this development as detrimental to the forest it self. Forestry programs directed to accommodate public participation are uniformly designed and implemented, ignoring the physical and social variantion of rural areas. Thus there is a need for research on spatial variation of the social forestry program especially related to its success and impact on welfare. The research is carried out in Yogyakarta speial province employed a survei method and spatial approach. Stratified cluster sampling is used on the basis of variations in physiographic characteristics. Secondary data are also collected in forms of literatures and previous research in the field. Primary data are obtained through a structured interview using a set of questionnaires. Data are analyzed using simple tabulation method as well as statistical techniques.The research shows that in general people forest land use has been sucessfully implemented in the province. It is important to note that a more successfull implementation of people forest land use is found in the private rather than government initiated forest. In the less accessible areas people forest land use activities are much more successfull than in the accessible ones. Social forestry land use in the volcanic slope physiography is much better than that in either undulating or karst areas. Among important factors affecting the success of people forest land use are land ownership, education level, technology, land accessibility and percentage of plant growth. It is also confirmed that accessibility is the most important factor affecting the success of an people forest land use. The research also reveals that people forest land use has been very important in improving the farmers welfare. A composite indicator shows that the welfare of farmers is much improved after the adoption of people forest land use, with the highest achievement is obtained by farmers in the volcanic slopes.

scholarly journals Minimum forest cover for sustainable water flow regulation in a watershed under rapid expansion of oil palm and rubber plantations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suria Tarigan ◽  
Kerstin Wiegand ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Flow Regulation ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Direct Runoff ◽  
Regulation Function ◽  
Water Flow Regulation

Abstract. In many tropical regions, rapid expansion of monoculture plantations has led to a sharp decline of forest cover, which potentially degraded the water flow regulation function of watersheds. The flow regulation function of a watershed is defined as the ability of the watershed to store the rain water, therefore reducing the direct runoff and sustaining the baseflow during dry season. In the tropical region where rainfall is highly seasonal, water flow regulation is an important ecosystem function of a watershed. It determines the proportion of direct runoff of the rainfall and the proportion of the baseflow in the streamflow. The higher the proportion of the direct runoff of the rainfall the higher the probability that water resources problems occur such as flooding in the wet season and drought in the dry season. Therefore proper water flow regulation function of a watershed is a key factor for water resources management. It is generally known that forest land use improves the water flow regulation function of a watershed. The contribution of forest land use on water flow regulation function of a watershed depends primarily on its proportion in the entire watershed. In a watershed where expansion of agricultural plantations occurs rapidly, the spatial planner needs to know the minimum proportion of forest cover required to maintain proper water flow regulation function of a watershed. Research dealing with this issue is still rare, especially in the tropical area where oil palm expansion occurs at alarming rate. We employed the SWAT hydrological model to calculate two indicators of water regulation function of a watershed: the proportion of the direct runoff to the rainfall (C) and the proportion of the baseflow in the total streamflow (BFI). Using regression analysis, we show a strong correlation between indicators of water flow regulation (C and BFI values) with the proportion of forest cover and agricultural plantation cover in a watershed. To achieve the required C value of less than 0.35, the proportion of forest cover in the entire watershed should be greater than 30 % and the proportion of plantation cover should be less than 40 %. The results of this study are very useful as a guide for spatial planners to determine the minimum proportion of forest conservation area to maintain a sustainable ecosystem service of water flow regulation in a watershed.

MANAJEMEN DATA SPASIAL: PENGGUNAAN TANAH WILAYAH PEDESAAN DI SUMATERA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Afrital Rezki, S.Pd., M.Si ◽  
Erna Juita ◽  
Dasrizal Dasrizal ◽  
Arie Zella Putra Ulni
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Mixed Plantations

Perkembangan penggunaan tanah bergerak horisontal secara spasial ke arah wilayah yang mudah diusahakan. Penggunaan tanah juga bergerak secara vertikal dalam rangka menaikkan mutunya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola penggunaan lahan, bagaimana manajemen penggunaan lahan di satu wilayah berdasarkan batas Nagari. Metode yang digunakan adalah analsisis spasial dengan interpretasi citra penginderaan jauh, survey lapangan, dan analisis deskriptif. Pertumbuhan pemukiman Nagari Sungai Sariak Kecamatan VII Koto Kabupaten Padang Pariaman mengakibatkan pemanfaatan ruang menjadi tumpang tindih. Diperlukan cara-cara pengelolaan dan managemen penggunaan tanah dalam rangka pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menaikkan taraf hidup masyarakat dan tidak menimbulkan kerugian lingkungan.Terdapat 9 jenis penggunaan lahan yang ada di Nagari Sungai Sariak. Penggunaan lahan tersebut adalah Primary Forest, Secondary Forest, Paddy Field, Settlement, Mixed Plantations, Crop Fields, Water Bodies, Bushes, dan Plantations. Penggunaan lahan yang paling luas di Nagari Sungai Sariak adalah jenis penggunaan lahan Primary Forest, sebesar 48% dari total luas wilayah Nagari Sungai Sariak. Pada tahun 2011 sampai tahun 2016, penggunaan lahan paling luas terjadi pada penggunaan lahan jenis Primary Forest yang kemudian menjadi Mixed Plantations. Land use Changes moved horizontally spatially towards areas that are easily cultivated. The land use also moves vertically in order to increase its quality. This study aims to analyze land use patterns, how land use management in one area is based on Nagari boundaries. The method used is spatial analysis with interpretation of remote sensing images, field surveys, and descriptive analysis. The growth of Nagari Sungai Sariak in Kecamatan VII Koto, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman resulted in overlapping use of space. Management methods are needed and management of land use in the framework of sustainable development that raises the standard of living of the community and does not cause environmental losses. There are 9 types of land use in the Nagari Sungai Sariak. The land uses are Primary Forest, Secondary Forest, Paddy Field, Settlement, Mixed Plantations, Crop Fields, Water Bodies, Bushes, and Plantations. The most extensive land use in Nagari Sungai Sariak is the type of Primary Forest land use, amounting to 48% of the total area of the Nagari Sungai Sariak. From 2011 to 2016, the most extensive land use occurred in Primary Forest land uses which later became Mixed Plantations.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Analysis of Factors Influencing Organic Matter Concentration in the Topsoil of Black Soil in Northeast China Based on Spatial Heterogeneous Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Zhenbo Du ◽  
Bingbo Gao ◽  
Cong Ou ◽  
Zhenrong Du ◽  
Jianyu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Rainfed Farming ◽  
Study Results

Black soil is fertile, abundant with organic matter (OM) and is exceptional for farming. The black soil zone in northeast China is the third-largest black soil zone globally and produces a quarter of China’s commodity grain. However, the soil organic matter (SOM) in this zone is declining, and the quality of cultivated land is falling off rapidly due to overexploitation and unsustainable management practices. To help develop an integrated protection strategy for black soil, this study aimed to identify the primary factors contributing to SOM degradation. The geographic detector, which can detect both linear and nonlinear relationships and the interactions based on spatial heterogeneous patterns, was used to quantitatively analyze the natural and anthropogenic factors affecting SOM concentration in northeast China. In descending order, the nine factors affecting SOM are temperature, gross domestic product (GDP), elevation, population, soil type, precipitation, soil erosion, land use, and geomorphology. The influence of all factors is significant, and the interaction of any two factors enhances their impact. The SOM concentration decreases with increased temperature, population, soil erosion, elevation and terrain undulation. SOM rises with increased precipitation, initially decreases with increasing GDP but then increases, and varies by soil type and land use. Conclusions about detailed impacts are presented in this paper. For example, wind erosion has a more significant effect than water erosion, and irrigated land has a lower SOM content than dry land. Based on the study results, protection measures, including conservation tillage, farmland shelterbelts, cross-slope ridges, terraces, and rainfed farming are recommended. The conversion of high-quality farmland to non-farm uses should be prohibited.

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