scholarly journals The cytogenetic parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. under conditions of the Far North of Russia (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Roman Viktorovich Ignatenko ◽  
Lyubov Alexandrovna Efimova ◽  
Ksenia Mikhailovna Nikerova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Seed Progeny ◽  
Far North ◽  
Cells With Micronuclei ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Cytogenetic Parameters

Abstract The cytogenetic analysis of the Pinus sylvestris L. seed progeny in the forests of the northern taiga in the Far North of Russia conditions was carried out. Two Pinus sylvestris populations growing in Ambarnskoy and Pyaozerskoy forest divisions of Loukhsky district of Karelia Republic were studied. The number of chromosomes, the frequency and types of mitosis disturbances at the metaphase, anaphase and telophase (as a percentage of the total number of dividing cells at the same stages), and the frequency of micronuclei occurrence, as well as the laboratory seed germination, were studied. As a result of the study, it was found that 50–56% of the studied sprouts were mixoploid. Analysis of mitosis showed that the root meristem of the studied samples contained cells with various pathologies; simultaneously, the frequency of mitosis pathologies in the Ambarnskoy population was significantly higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one. It amounted to 6.8 ± 0.4 and 4.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. Nine types of abnormalities were identified; chromosome overrun and bridges prevailed. Micronuclei were registered in 35–38% of the studied Pinus sylvestris sprouts. At the same time, the proportion of cells with micronuclei in the Ambarnskoy population was 2-fold higher than in the Pyaozerskoy one and averaged 0.12 ± 0.03% and 0.07 ± 0.02%, respectively.

scholarly journals Non-Thermal Plasma Can Be Used in Disinfection of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seeds Infected with Fusarium oxysporum

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Magdalena Świecimska ◽  
Mirela Tulik ◽  
Božena Šerá ◽  
Patrycja Golińska ◽  
Juliána Tomeková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Surface Barrier ◽  
Surface Barrier Discharge ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma

The aim of this study was to use diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) non-thermal plasma for the disinfection of pine seed surfaces infected with Fusarium oxysporum spores. Artificially infected seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were treated with plasma for the following exposure times: 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 20 s, 30 s, and 60 s, and subsequently germinated on agar medium in Petri dishes at room temperature for the estimation of seed germination and disinfection effect of plasma treatment. Results of the treated samples were compared to the control samples, which were prepared as follows: seeds uninfected and non-treated with plasma (first control); seeds infected with F. oxysporum and non-treated with plasma (second control); and seeds infected with F. oxysporum, non-treated with plasma, but sterilized with 30% perhydrol (third control). Obtained results indicate that 3 s plasma treatment was an optimal time to inhibit F. oxysporum growth, and at the same time, increase the seed germination. In addition, our results are the first to show the practical application of non-thermal plasma in disinfecting infected Scots pine seeds and improving their germination. According to the results of this study, non-thermal plasma can serve as a seed surface disinfectant in the regeneration of different pine species.

scholarly journals Effect of Beta-lactam Antibiotics on Microscopic Parameters in the Allium-test

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
I. Kantsavaya ◽  
O. Alekseenko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cytogenetic Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Pathological Mitoses ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Dividing Cells

The work examines the effect of beta-lactam antibiotics (cefotaxime, ampicillin, augmentin) on the pathology of mitosis in the Allium–test. Research methods: Allium–test, cytogenetic analysis, statistical analysis. It was established that the use of individual tested beta-lactam antibiotics increases the percentage of pathological mitoses in the cell by 1.8–3.3 times compared with the value in the control. With the combined use of cefotaxime and Augmentin, synergism appeared, as a result, the value of mitosis pathology turned out to be at the level of the number in the control; minimally represented pathologies indicating damage to the mitotic apparatus. It was revealed that all three beta-lactam antibiotics tested had a pronounced statmokinetic effect. At the same time, with the joint use of cefotaxime and Augmentin, k-mitosis was not registered in dividing cells. Comparison of the spectrum of pathological mitoses in the variants of the experiment showed that the pathology ‘chromosome runaway/backlog’ in anaphase of mitosis dominates in all variants. An increase in the concentration of Augmentin and ampicillin caused the suppression of pathological processes in onion meristematic cells, a decrease in PM values was observed. An increase in Augmentin concentration does not affect the composition and spectrum of pathological mitoses; ampicillin has a decrease in the level of most of the recorded pathologies of mitosis.

scholarly journals The microtubule-associated protein CLASP is translationally-regulated in light-dependent root apical meristem growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laryssa Halat ◽  
Katherine Gyte ◽  
Geoffrey Wasteneys
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Hormone Transport ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Root Growth Promotion

ABSTRACTThe ability for plant growth to be optimized, either in the light or dark, depends on the intricate balance between cell division and differentiation in specialized regions called meristems. When Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings are grown in the dark, hypocotyl elongation is promoted, whereas root growth is greatly reduced as a result of changes in hormone transport and a reduction in meristematic cell proliferation. Previous work showed that the microtubule-associated protein CLASP sustains root apical meristem (RAM) size by influencing microtubule (MT) organization and by modulating the brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathway. Here, we investigated whether CLASP is involved in light-dependent root growth promotion, since dark-grown seedlings have reduced RAM activity that is observed in the clasp-1 null mutant. We showed that CLASP protein levels were greatly reduced in the root tips of dark-grown seedlings, which could be reversed by exposing plants to light. We confirmed that removing seedlings from the light led to a discernible shift in MT organization from bundled arrays, which are prominent in dividing cells, to transverse orientations typically observed in cells that have exited the meristem. BR receptors and auxin transporters, both of which are sustained by CLASP, were largely degraded in the dark. Interestingly, we found that despite the lack of protein, CLASP transcript levels were higher in dark-grown root tips. Together, these findings uncover a mechanism that sustains meristem homeostasis through CLASP, and advances our understanding of how roots modulate their growth according to the amount of light and nutrients perceived by the plant.One Sentence SummaryThe microtubule-associated protein CLASP is regulated at the translational level when root meristem growth is inhibited in dark-grown plants.

scholarly journals USE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL-BIOCHEMICAL, CELLULAR AND SUB-CELLAR CHARACTERISTICS OF BETULA PENDULA AS MARKERS OF SEED GERMINATION AND MONITORING TERRITORY POLLUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 1034-1044
Author(s):  
T. V. VOSTRIKOVA ◽  
O. A. ZEMLYANUKHINA ◽  
V. N. KALAEV
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Seed Progeny ◽  
Germination Ability ◽  
Weeping Birch

The amount of total soluble protein cytogenetic indices, germination ability in the seed progeny of Betula pendula in areas with different levels of anthropogenic pollution was studied. The seed progeny of Betula pendula has an increased germination ability and total protein in areas with low pollution levels as compared to the control group (seeds collected in the ecologically clean territory) and to the same parameters for the areas with high levels of anthropogenic pressure. A high positive correlation was established between seed germination and the amount of total soluble protein. The parameter “amount of total protein” is characterized as a marker of seed germination, which determines the possibility of their germination. Cytogenetic parameters (mitotic activity, percentage ratio of cell number at mitosis stages, level of mitosis pathologies, level of cells with persistent nucleoli at metaphase - anaphase mitosis stage) of seed seedlings of weeping birch were studied as marker signs of anthropogenic pollution of territories. Relations between cytogenetic and biochemical characteristics were found. The impact of the environment, caused mainly by heavy metal pollution, on birch trees and their seed progeny, can be defined as hormesis by biochemical and cytogenetic indices. A comprehensive study of cytogenetic and biochemical parameters can allow a quick and adequate evaluation of the seed quality of unknown origin which is especially important for plant industry and forestry as it allows selecting stable planting material and for the collection of material for pharmacognostic purposes in areas with different ecological pressure. Determining cytogenetic indices and the amount of total protein allows forecasting the germination capacities and germination abilities of the seeds of the weeping birch.

scholarly journals Seed and Cone Morphological Variation and Seed Germination Characteristics of Scots Pine Populations (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Nyam-Osor Batkhuu ◽  
◽  
Bayarsaikhan Udval ◽  
Bat-Erdene Jigjid ◽  
Sandagsuren Jamyansuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Germination Characteristics
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