The Prognostic Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Expression in Thyroid Carcinomas

Background: Thyroid carcinomas are the most common endocrine tumors – they account for 95% of all endocrine tumors. Thyroid carcinomas are more vascular than normal thyroid tissue. For the tumor to grow and subsequently metastasize it is crucial that it induces angiogenesis. This requires a change in the balance between certain angiogenic factors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and the inhibitors of angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of VEGF-A expression in thyroid carcinomas. Materials and methods: The present prospective study included 80 cases, of which 60 were patients with thyroid cancer including papillary, follicular, medullary and anaplastic carcinoma, and 20 patients (controls) with benign thyroid tissue (thyroid goiter). All cases were examined using the immunohistochemical staining for VEGF-A. Results: VEGF-A expression in thyroid carcinoma was significantly higher than in benign thyroid tissues (p<0.001). VEGF-A expression values in thyroid carcinoma did not associate with tumor necrosis degree (p=1.000). Furthermore, VEGF-A expression values in thyroid carcinoma were not associated with other prognostic factors such as tumor hemorrhage, angioinvasion, atypical mitosis, and lymphatic invasion. Conclusion: Our data showed that the VEGF-A expression is upregulated in thyroid cancers compared with benign thyroid tissue. Therefore, it would be useful to perform IHC staining for VEGF-A expression as a valuable diagnostic tool in TC.