Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness. The purpose of this project is to deeply observe the change of retinal microvascular, microstructure and expression of IL-6, CD18, ICAM, TNF-α and VEGF at the early stage of DR in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: The fluorescein fundus angiography was used to examine fundus of living organisms, retinas were obtained for hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, fluorescence imaging techniques and quantitative real-time PCR, while vitreous humors were isolated for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A ELISA in diabetes group (n=25) and normal group (n=25) at 8th day, 4th week, 6th week, 8th week and 10th week after the onset of DM. Results: In this study, we observed not only the decrease of RGCs and the increase of E/P ratio, acellular capillaries and type IV collagen-positive strands began to occur on 8th day after induction, but the vascular permeability and neovascularization buds began to happen in diabetes group in 8th week, while the expression of VEGF-A, VEGF mRNA, IL-6 mRNA, ICAM mRNA and TNF-α mRNA began significantly higher in diabetes group compared with normal group(P<0.01) on 8th day after induction and remained high expression level throughout the 10-week observation period. However, the expression of CD18 RNA began significantly higher in 4th week after induction and reached peak in 6th week. Conclusions: In conclusion, the retinal microvascular injury, ganglion cell changes and high expression of VEGF-A, VEGF mRNA, IL-6 mRNA, ICAM mRNA, TNF-α mRNA and CD18 mRNA were happened on very early stage. The results offer new insight into the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and provide novel targets to inhibit the ocular disease.