scholarly journals Feline Eosinophilic Keratitis—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
A. Balicka ◽  
M. Lapšanská ◽  
V. Fekiačová ◽  
A. Trbolová
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Corneal Ulceration ◽  
Conjunctival Hyperaemia ◽  
Good Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Herpès Virus

Abstract Eosinophilic keratitis is a disease occurring in cats, horses and rabbits. Its clinical signs include blepharo-spasm, discharge, chemosis, conjunctival hyperaemia and the presence of corneal ulceration. The typical signs of the disease are white to pink plaques on the cornea accompanied with keratitis. The diagnosis of the disease has to be confirmed with cytology examination and the presence of eosinophils and mast cells in the specimen. Local application of corticosteroids and cyclosporine has good therapeutic effect and has been recommended in all affected species. In samples collected from cats, the presence of feline herpes virus DNA has been reported. Eosinophilic keratitis might be caused by an aberrant immune response or reaction to unknown allergic stimuli. The primary cause of the disease is currently unknown.

scholarly journals Viremia in Equine Herpes Virus-1 infection and a possible link to Transient Protective Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
AR Awan ◽  
OL Tulp ◽  
HJ Field
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Herpès Virus

Equine herpes virus (EHV-1) causes respiratory infections in equine, and results in abortion, paresis, neonatal death, and retinopathy and the virus may become latent following initial infection. Virus entry is via the respiratory route, and the virus replicates in the host in ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract and in Type 1 and Type 2 pneumocytes in the lung parenchyma. After viral replication in the respiratory system, the virus can become disseminated to other parts of body via viraemic cells. The virus also can cross the placenta which leads to abortion of live or dead fetuses without premonitory signs. Infected horses show transient immunity after natural or experimental infection and immune responses to EHV-1, but the immunoprotective status begins to decline after a few months of active infection. Due to the transient immune response, recovered horses are not immunoprotected and thus are prone to subsequent re-infection. Immunity is not long lived after experimental or natural infection, and as a result the development of an effective vaccine has remained a challenge. In this study viraemic cells were studied in a murine EHV-1 infection model. Mice were infected intranasally and viraemic cells were studied on days three and five which occurs during the peak of the infection. The results of this study may help to identify the nature of viraemic cells and their role in the transient immune response to infection. Buffy coat cells and lungs were removed and stained with a fluorescent antibody test for EHV-1 antigen, and lung specimens were subjected to transmission electron microscopy. Both techniques confirmed the presence of viraemic cells in lung tissues. These viraemic cells were further stained for EHV-1 antigen, and for CD4 or CD8 biomarkers and results are discussed re: pathogenesis of EHV-1 infection, identification of viraemic cells in a murine model and possible link of viraemia to transient immune responses in EHV-1 infection, which demonstrate the validity of this murine model for the investigation of the cytopathologic mechanism and sequelae of EHV manifestation in this model.

scholarly journals Central bacterial corneal ulcers of prolonged course. Immunological aspects and tactics of etiopathogenetic treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
V. V. Neroev ◽  
L. A. Katargina ◽  
L. A. Kovaleva ◽  
G. I. Krichevskaya ◽  
N. V. Balatskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Corneal Ulcers ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Herpès Virus

Purpose: to describe the characteristic clinical signs and to study the causes of the development of an unfavorable prolonged course of bacterial corneal ulcers of central localization, and to improve treatment effectiveness. Material and methods. A total of 289 patients with central bacterial corneal ulcers were examined. Two types courses of bacterial corneal ulcer were distinguished: favorable (acute and subacute) and unfavorable (prolonged subacute and prolonged chronic forms). Blood (122 samples) and scrapings from corneal ulcers (110 samples) were examined in a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of simple herpes virus (HSV) 1 and 2 types, virus Epstein–Barr (VEB), human herpes virus (HHV)-6, and HHV-7. To detect autoimmune sensitization to the corneal antigens, migration inhibition reaction of leukocytes (MIRL, 215 samples) was used. Results. In patients with unfavorable course of the disease, blood and corneal HHV DNA was detected in 88.7 % of cases, while with a favorable course only 10 % of cases showed the presence of HHV DNA (р < 0.002). In all patients, HHV type 6 was predominating. Autosensitivity to corneal antigens was detected in 8 (10.4 %) out of 77 patients at the end of the first week of the disease, and as the disease progressed, the number of patients with an autoimmune component increased to reach 63.2 % (48 of 76). The inclusion of antiviral and immunosuppressive drugs into the routine treatment plan led to complete epithelialization of the cornea within 5–10 days. Сonclusion. The protracted course of bacterial corneal ulcers was found to be caused by a mixed herpes-bacterial infection, which is corroborated by the effectiveness of the modified treatment tactics.

The state of cellular immunity of patients with tonsillitis and infected with herpes virus type 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
V. M. Olkhovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
The State ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Herpes Group

Currently, the incidence of tonsillitis in children is very common and represents a serious medical and social problem. In young children, viral tonsillitis predominates, while bacterial tonsillitis is more common between the ages of 5–15. The frequency of registration of infection with viruses of the herpes group, including the human herpes virus (HHV) type 6, is increasing. The healing processes in infectious pathology are primarily due to the balanced work of the cellular and humoral links of the body’s immune response, the state of which can be influenced by concomitant infection with herpes viruses. The aim of the work was to study the cellular immune response of children with tonsillitis infected with HHV-6 type. The study of the influence of HHV-6 infection on the state of the cellular component of the immune response in 74 children with tonsillitis in the acute period and in the period of convalescence was carried out. All patients were diagnosed with a moderate form of tonsillitis; the etiological factor was hemolytic streptococcus group A. It was revealed that in children with mono-infection at the onset of the disease, there is a moderate response of cellular immunity (t = 2.76), while the presence of HHV-6 infection leads to more pronounced changes in the parameters of CD lymphocytes (t = 4.06). We found a significant increase in the content of CD16+-lymphocytes in tonsillitis of streptococcal etiology, but the maximum growth was recorded in patients with mono-infection (p < 0.05). By the time of convalescence, complete recovery of T-lymphocytes in infected HHV-6 patients does not occur. The degree of deviation from the standard for the entire complex of CD-lymphocytes during the period of convalescence was more pronounced in patients with co-infection (t = 2.83). The obtained data indicate the suppression of the cellular component of the immune response in patients with tonsillitis against the background of HHV-6 infection, which requires a differentiated approach to treatment and medical supervision of such patients.

scholarly journals Intratumoral Injection of HSV1716, an Oncolytic Herpes Virus, Is Safe and Shows Evidence of Immune Response and Viral Replication in Young Cancer Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 3566-3574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri A. Streby ◽  
James I. Geller ◽  
Mark A. Currier ◽  
Patrick S. Warren ◽  
John M. Racadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Intratumoral Injection ◽  
Herpès Virus

Isotype immune response of IgG antibodies at the persistence and reactivation stages of human herpes virus 6 infection

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carricart Silvia Ethel ◽  
Bustos Dolores ◽  
Biganzoli Patricia ◽  
Nates Silvia Viviana ◽  
Pavan Jorge Victorio
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 6 ◽  
Herpès Virus

scholarly journals Herpes Virus, Oral Clinical Signs and QoL: Systematic Review of Recent Data

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Crimi ◽  
Luca Fiorillo ◽  
Alberto Bianchi ◽  
Cesare D’Amico ◽  
Giulia Amoroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Healing Phase ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 2

This manuscript aims to highlight all the clinical features of the herpes virus, with a particular focus on oral manifestations and in the maxillofacial district about Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2). Oral herpes virus is a very common and often debilitating infectious disease for patients, affecting oral health and having important psychological implications. The collection of relevant data comes from the scientific databases Pubmed, Embase; initially this collection obtained an extremely high number of results, 1415. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as a manual screening, the results included in this review were limited to 14. The results were expressed by evaluating all the signs and symptoms that this pathology entails during the study, paying attention to the characteristics linked to the quality of life and the psychological implications. This pathology has numerous therapies, which often make the healing phase of the manifestations of this viral pathology more comfortable. The therapies currently used for the treatment of this viral infection are pharmacological, topical, systemic, or instrumental, for example with laser devices.

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