scholarly journals A Modified Standardized Method to Extract and Store Insect Hemolymph with Use of a Glass Capillary

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Migdał ◽  
Agnieszka Murawska ◽  
Adam Roman

AbstractHemolymph is the “blood” circulating in the entire insect body. Analysis of this fluid gives information about the condition of the insect. The most precise analyses are conducted on insects’ hemolymph suspended in 0.6% physiological saline (NaCl). Most current hemolymph extraction methods are either difficult or do not provide pure material, the contamination of collected insect “blood” can change results. This study aimed to develop a technique for extract hemolymph, both easy and without risk of contaminating derived material. The presented method is a modification of available ways to extract, store and transport hemolymph with the use of a glass capillary. For the development of this technique, adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were used. The method required such basic equipment as a glass capillary, sterile tweezer, Eppendorf tube and physiological saline. The collected hemolymph were frozen and hence sent in a glass capillary to another laboratory for analysis.

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Winkler ◽  
Frank Sieg ◽  
Anja Buttstedt

One of the first tasks of worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) during their lifetime is to feed the larval offspring. In brief, young workers (nurse bees) secrete a special food jelly that contains a large amount of unique major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs). The regulation of mrjp gene expression is not well understood, but the large upregulation in well-fed nurse bees suggests a tight repression until, or a massive induction upon, hatching of the adult worker bees. The lipoprotein vitellogenin, the synthesis of which is regulated by the two systemic hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone, is thought to be a precursor for the production of MRJPs. Thus, the regulation of mrjp expression by the said systemic hormones is likely. This study focusses on the role of 20-hydroxyecdysone by elucidating its effect on mrjp gene expression dynamics. Specifically, we tested whether 20-hydroxyecdysone displayed differential effects on various mrjps. We found that the expression of the mrjps (mrjp1–3) that were finally secreted in large amounts into the food jelly, in particular, were down regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone treatment, with mrjp3 showing the highest repression value.


Sociobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 5905
Author(s):  
Elif Çil ◽  
Ömer Ertürk ◽  
Kamil Işik

Apis mellifera, widely farmed around the world, is the most economically important species within the genus Apis. While the microbiota of live honey bees have been extensively examined, bacteria found in deceased honey bees (which might indicate infection or opportunistic pathogens) is in contrast poorly studied. Therefore, we decided to investigate the mesophilic bacterial flora of dead honey bees. So, in September 2013, dead adult worker honey bees were collected from 12 different cities, most of which were in the border provinces of Turkey. We identified bacterial isolates at the species level by using different morphological, biochemical, physical and molecular methods, in conjunction with molecular phylogenetic analysis. We constructed phylogenetic trees for isolated bacteria with the MEGA 6.0 program and neighbor-joining trees were reconstructed based on 16S rDNA gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees indicated that isolates DE003, DE007, DE011, DE001, DE019 and DE016, DE029 could be new members of the genera Erwinia, Acidovorax, Hydrogenophaga and Bacillus genus, respectively. In the bioassay study results, we observed that DE019 Hydrogenophaga sp. (64.7%) and DE004 Klebsiella grimontii (73.3%) had lethal effects on the honey bees. The other mortalities ranged from 10% to 25% (p>0.05), and according to a One-Way ANOVA analysis DE004 and DE019 significantly affect the A. mellifera caucasia in adult worker honey bees. This study is the first report of Hydrogenophaga as honey bee pathogen.


1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene E. Robinson ◽  
Colette Strambi ◽  
Alain Strambi ◽  
Mark F. Feldlaufer

Apidologie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena Szyma? ◽  
Andrzej J?druszuk

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Aline Patricia Turcatto ◽  
Marcia Cavichio Issa ◽  
Michelle Manfrini Morais ◽  
Rosana Almeida

O ácaro Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) tem sido, até hoje, uma das pragas que mais causa danos à apicultura mundial, isolada ou associada a outras doenças apícolas. Foram avaliados os índices de infestação por V. destructor em operárias adultas e em células de cria para averiguar como esses índices variam, no outono e início de inverno, em um apiário de abelhas africanizadas localizado em uma região com clima tropical e alimento na natureza, uma vez que outono é a estação onde ocorrem maiores infestações. As amostras foram coletadas em 2005 (maio e junho) em 2007 (abril e junho) no apiário experimental da Universidade de Franca-UNIFRAN em Restinga-SP. Os índices médios de infestação em crias foram maiores em maio/2005 (12,44%) do que em junho/2005 (7,78%) e também foram maiores em abril/2007 (3%) do que em junho/2007 (0%); diferenças não estatisticamente significantes. Os índices médios de infestação em operárias adultas foram menores em maio/2005 (0,95%) do que em junho/2005 (1,90%) e também menores em abril/2007 (0,90%) do que em junho/2007 (4,43%); diferença estatisticamente significante em 2007 (P=0,031). Essa tendência de variação das médias em adultos e crias, durante os meses de outono e início de inverno, foi a mesma nos índices individuais em todas as colônias analisadas em 2005 e 2007 (exceto colônia 11/2005). Com relação às infestações em abelhas africanizadas observamos ainda: muitas colônia apresentaram índice 0% de infestação; algumas apresentaram infestações maiores do que outras, cujos índices em crias diminuíram já em junho. Em junho, quase início do inverno, seria esperado ainda encontrar índices mais elevados de infestação (e até mortalidade), em adultos como em crias, mas a infestação em crias começou baixar já em junho nesse apiário. Isso pode estar sendo uma constante nas abelhas africanizadas que mesmo passando por situações críticas no outono/inverno, quando as temperaturas baixam e ocorre diminuição de alimento na natureza, voltam a se recuperar quando as temperaturas se elevam, principalmente se há alimento disponível, como Restinga-SP, que está em uma mata de cerrado cercada por cana-de-açúcar, cuja safra inicia em março/abril. Assim, parece que suas colônias se recuperaram mais rápido das infestações de outono/inverno do que colônias em outras localidades. Incidence of the Mite Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman) (Mesostigmata: Varroidae), in Adult Worker Bees and Brood Cells of Africanized Honey Bees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Franca Region of São Paulo State in Brazil Abstract. The mite Varroa destructor (Anderson & Trueman), has been, until now, one of the pest that causes more damage to the beekeeping worldwide, alone or associated with another bee diseases. Several factors affects the variation of the indexes of infestation and reproduction, such as climate, bee breed, development time, hygienic behavior; being that temperature is a environmental variable that acts on the variation of these indexes: the infestation increases in the colder months and decrease in warmer months, so in the months of autumn and winter occurs the biggest infestation by varroa in the beehives. Were evaluated the indexes of infestation by V. destructor on adult worker and brood cells to ascertain how these indexes rates, in months of autumn, in an africanized bees apiary located in region of Cerrado, surrounded by plantations of sugar cane, with a tropical climate and food in nature. The sample was collected in two years, in the months of May and June 2005 and April and June 2007 in the Experimental Apiary of Franca University-UNIFRAN, located in the municipality of Restiga-SP.  The medium indexes of infestation in broods were higher in May/2005 (12.44%) than June/2005 (7.78%), were also higher in April/2007 (3%) than in June/2007 (0%); all the differences weren’t statistically significant. The medium indexes of infestation in adult workers were lesser in May/2005 (0.95%) than June/2005 (1.90%) and lesser in April/2007 (0.90%) than in June/2007 (4.43%); the difference observed in 2005 was not statistically significant, unlike that observed in 2007 (P=0.031).  


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneela Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Rafique ◽  
Rashid Mahmood ◽  
Mamoona Noreen ◽  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
...  

Abstract This study focused on the correlation of honey collection Potential and the length and width of labellum and glossae in worker honey bees (Apis mellifera Ligustica). Sixty honeybee A. mellifera L. colonies were selected, among these 60 colonies, 3 worker bees were sampled from each colony total numbers of samples collected were 180 adult worker foraging bees. Fifteen colonies for each group were used to check the correlation of honey production with length of labellum, width of labellum, length of glossae and the width of glossae respectively. These worker bees were bought to the laboratory frozen, boiled, dissected and mounted on the slides. Measurements of the labellum length, labellum width, glossae length and glossae width were taken by the stereomicroscope with ocular micrometer at 0.8X magnification. Correlation values for the honey collectionand length and width of labellum and glossae were high and positive. These Results support the perception that worker bees with larger labellum and glossae have more ability for honey collection potential. It is concluded that Biomorphological characters of labellum and glossae are significantly correlated with the honey collection potential in A. mellifera L.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akbar Lashari ◽  
Aneela Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Rafique ◽  
Rashid Mahmood ◽  
Mamoona Noreen ◽  
...  

This study focused on the correlation of honey collection Potential and the length and width of labellum and glossae in worker honey bees ( Apis mellifera Ligustica). Sixty honeybee A. mellifera L. colonies were selected, among these 60 colonies, 3 worker bees were sampled from each colony total numbers of samples collected were 180 adult worker foraging bees. Fifteen colonies for each group were used to check the correlation of honey production with length of labellum, width of labellum, length of glossae and the width of glossae respectively. These worker bees were bought to the laboratory frozen, boiled, dissected and mounted on the slides. Measurements of the labellum length, labellum width, glossae length and glossae width were taken by the stereomicroscope with ocular micrometer at 0.8X magnification. Correlation values for the honey collectionand length and width of labellum and glossae were high and positive. These Results support the perception that worker bees with larger labellum and glossae have more ability for honey collection Potential. It is concluded that Biomorphological characters of labellum and glossae are significantly correlated with the honeycollection Potential in A. mellifera L.


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