N-Chromosome Royal Jelly, Propolis and Bee Pollen Supplementation Improve the Clinical Conditions of COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen are used for different purposes all around the world according to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Given that Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral condition accompanied by a dysregulated inflammatory response in the body, we intend to evaluate the effects of natural supplementations on the disease course. A randomized, open-label, controlled trial was conducted among 50 definitive cases of COVID-19. These patients were randomly assigned into control and intervention groups. Royal Jelly, propolis, and bee pollen were prescribed to patients in the intervention group (n = 24) in addition to conventional treatment; while the control group only received the standard treatment (n = 26). At the end of the study, functional class improved in both groups, but this change was more pronounced in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Moreover, total symptoms duration and the time to return to work were significantly reduced in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Although royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen are not definitive treatments in COVID-19 patients, they can be used as an adjuvant treatment to limit disease symptoms and virus propagation.

Combined royal jelly 10-hydroxydecanoic acid and aspirin is synergistic against memory deficit and neuroinflammation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia among the older population, is associated with acute or chronic inflammation. As a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin has recently been...

The Effects of The Royal Jelly On Dry Mouth Sensation With Normal Saliva Function: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Trial Clinical Study

Background: Because there are no standardized treatment methods for dry mouth sensation with normal salivary function, cases of dry mouth sensation continually suffer. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effects of a royal jelly tablets on dry mouth sensation, in patients with normal salivary function. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between November, 2019 and April, 2020. This clinical trial was randomized, double-blind, and of a crossover design, with a four-week washout period. Each participant received either 800 mg of royal jelly tablets or placebo, daily for 12 weeks. Results: Differences in VAS scores between royal jelly tablets and placebo were evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks, and were significant. Differences in HADS and GHQ12 scores between those exposed to royal jelly tablets and placebo, at the evaluation period of 12 weeks, were statistically significant. A statistically significant decrease in HADS scores in the royal jelly tablet group, was observed over time. Conclusions: These findings show that daily consumption of royal jelly (800 mg) for 12 weeks was effective in alleviating dry mouth sensation with normal saliva function.Clinical trial registration numbers and the full date of first registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (jRCTs031190067); 02/08/2019

Contribution of apiculture in social and economic development of Nigeria

There is urgent need to rescue Nigerian economy from deluge of crisis it is been confronted with atthe present time. To achieve this, it is pivotal to explore various potentials available in the country to solve her problem. Therefore, this paper examines the potential of apiculture industry in social and economic development of the nation. Hive products such as beewax, propolis, pollen and royal jelly are known to have contributed largely to the economic development of advanced countries like China, Turkey, Mexico, Argentina, Hungary, Australia and Canada. While the practice provides job opportunities for people of all classes, it also boosts productivity of other agricultural crops. Honey from Nigeria will command higher demand and prices in the world market for its medicinal and antimicrobial qualities, thereby serving as a good foreign exchange commodity in international market. As part of its contribution to economic growth, apiculture is a good source of income for beekeepers, it involves the use of little land. It empowers small scale farmers and also does not damage the environment. The paper also stressed that apiculture is not only important for generating income, it also curbs against rural migration. Apiculture protects the environment and also an important non-timber forest product.

Wybrane ekonomiczne uwarunkowania i prawne aspekty prowadzenia działalności pszczelarskiej w Polsce

The apiculture activity plays a significant role in the European Union’s economy and agriculture, mainly due to the functions performed by honey bees (Apis mellifera). Thanks to their efforts, more than 80% of crops and plants are pollinated worldwide. Bee’s work is also used to produce products such as honey, royal jelly, propolis, pollen and beeswax, used in chemical, food, medical and pharmaceutical industries. Finally, conducting the apicultural activity contributes also to maintain a proper level of biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Unfortunately, many civilizational and economic transformations and other factors have strongly influenced the apicultural activity, leading to numerous threats to the apiculture sector and the bees. Considering that, it is vital to carry out scientific investigations concerning the apicultural activity, which may provide valuable insight into the ongoing debate regarding the possibility of improving the situation of that sector. In this context, particularly the role of economic and legal research seems to be crucial because, on the one hand, it helps to understand the current economic conditions which characterize the apicultural activity, and, on the other hand, allows us to assess the current regulation and – as a result of that – to prepare a possible proposal for changes to the legislation concerning apiculture. Therefore, this paper aims to answer the following question: is the apicultural sector sufficiently supported and protected against risks related to apiculture, based on the current economic conditions and the existing regulation of apicultural activity.

Enhancement of pyocyanin production by subinhibitory concentration of royal jelly in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium, produces pyocyanin, a virulence factor associated with antibiotic tolerance. High concentrations of royal jelly have an antibacterial effect, which may potentially overcome antibacterial resistance. However, in some cases, antibiotic tolerance can occur due to prolonged stress of low-dose antibacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of royal jelly on bacterial growth, pyocyanin production, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa. Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and clinical isolates were cultured in a royal jelly-containing medium to test the antibacterial activity. Pyocyanin production was observed by measuring the absorbance at 690 nm after 36 h culture and determined using extinction coefficient 4310 M-1 cm-1. Static microtiter plate biofilm assay performed to detect the biofilm formation, followed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Royal jelly effectively inhibited the viability of both strains from a concentration of 25%. The highest production of pyocyanin was observed in the subinhibitory concentration group 6.25%, which gradually decreased along with the decrease of royal jelly concentration. Results of one-way ANOVA tests differed significantly in pyocyanin production of the two strains between the royal jelly groups. Tukey HSD test showed concentrations of 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% significantly increased pyocyanin production of ATCC 10145, and the concentrations of 12.5% and 6.25% significantly increased production of the clinical isolates. Concentrations of 12.5% and 6.125% significantly induced biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa ATCC 10145, in line with the results of the SEM analysis. Conclusions: The royal jelly concentration of 25% or higher inhibits bacterial growth; however, the subinhibitory concentration increases pyocyanin production and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. It is advisable to determine the appropriate concentration of royal jelly to obtain beneficial virulence inhibiting activity.