scholarly journals Stress Ecology in Mining Landscape: Postindustrial Deposits in Comparison with their Surroundings as the Environments for Selection of Plants with Small and Large Genome Size

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Adam Glier ◽  
Romana Prausová ◽  
Michal Štefánek ◽  
Pavel Kovář
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Stress Ecology ◽  
Large Genome Size ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis pilot case study compares genome sizes of two groups of species (conspecific plants) which spontaneously colonize interior space within abandoned industrial area and/or deposits, and those ones occurred in adjacent vicinity. Testing of the hypothesis “There is functional significance of small versus large genomes of plant species by comparing their occurrence in unreclaimed toxic deposits as an example of stressed environment and in their populations from neighbouring habitats” confirmed this idea.

scholarly journals Patterns of genome size variation in snapping shrimp

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W. Jeffery ◽  
Kristin Hultgren ◽  
Solomon Tin Chi Chak ◽  
T. Ryan Gregory ◽  
Dustin R. Rubenstein
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Large Genome Size ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Geographic Regions

Although crustaceans vary extensively in genome size, little is known about how genome size may affect the ecology and evolution of species in this diverse group, in part due to the lack of large genome size datasets. Here we investigate interspecific, intraspecific, and intracolony variation in genome size in 39 species of Synalpheus shrimps, representing one of the largest genome size datasets for a single genus within crustaceans. We find that genome size ranges approximately 4-fold across Synalpheus with little phylogenetic signal, and is not related to body size. In a subset of these species, genome size is related to chromosome size, but not to chromosome number, suggesting that despite large genomes, these species are not polyploid. Interestingly, there appears to be 35% intraspecific genome size variation in Synalpheus idios among geographic regions, and up to 30% variation in Synalpheus duffyi genome size within the same colony.

Polyploid polynuclear consecutive cell-cycle enables large genome-size in Haematococcus pluvialis

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Reinecke ◽  
Antonio Castillo-Flores ◽  
Sammy Boussiba ◽  
Aliza Zarka
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Large Genome Size

scholarly journals Evolution of Genome Size in Conifers

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 126-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Raj Ahuja ◽  
David B. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Conifer Genome ◽  
Large Genome Size ◽  
Highly Repetitive Dna ◽  
Open Question

AbstractConifers are the most widely distributed group of gymnosperms in the world. They have large genome size (1C-value) compared with most animal and plant species. The genome size ranges from ~6,500 Mb to ~37,000 Mb in conifers. How and why conifers have evolved such large genomes is not understood. The conifer genome contains ~75% highly repetitive DNA. Most of the repetitive DNA is composed of non-coding DNA, including ubiquitous transposable elements. Conifers have relatively larger rDNA repeat units, larger gene families generated by gene duplications, larger nuclear volume, and perhaps larger genes, as compared to angiosperm plants. These genomic components may partially account for the large genome size, as well as variation in genome size, in conifers. One of the major mechanisms for genome size expansion and evolution of species is polyploidy, which is widespread in angiosperms, but it is rare in conifers. There are only a few natural polyploids in one family of conifers, Cupressaceae. Other conifers, including well-studied pines, are nearly all diploids. Whether ancient polyploidy has played a role in the evolution of genome size in conifers still remains an open question. The mechanisms that account for the variation and evolution of genome size in conifers are addressed in this review.

scholarly journals The mosquito Aedes aegypti has a large genome size and high transposable element load but contains a low proportion of transposon-specific piRNAs

BMC Genomics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Arensburger ◽  
Robert H Hice ◽  
Jennifer A Wright ◽  
Nancy L Craig ◽  
Peter W Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Large Genome Size

scholarly journals Genome size and the extinction of small populations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas LaBar ◽  
Christoph Adami
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Mutational Burden ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Large Genome Size ◽  
Extinction Events

AbstractAlthough extinction is ubiquitous throughout the history of life, insight into the factors that drive extinction events are often difficult to decipher. Most studies of extinction focus on inferring causal factors from past extinction events, but these studies are constrained by our inability to observe extinction events as they occur. Here, we use digital evolution to avoid these constraints and study “extinction in action”. We focus on the role of genome size in driving population extinction, as previous work both in comparative genomics and digital evolution has shown a correlation between genome size and extinction. We find that extinctions in small populations are caused by large genome size. This relationship between genome size and extinction is due to two genetic mechanisms that increase a population’s lethal mutational burden: large genome size leads to both an increased lethal mutation rate and an increased likelihood of stochastic reproduction errors and non-viability. We further show that this increased lethal mutational burden is directly due to genome expansions, as opposed to subsequent adaptation after genome expansion. These findings suggest that large genome size can enhance the extinction likelihood of small populations and may inform which natural populations are at an increased risk of extinction.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Two Viruses with Large Genome Size Infecting Chrysochromulina ericina (Prymnesiophyceae) and Pyramimonas orientalis (Prasinophyceae)

Virology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth-Anne Sandaa ◽  
Mikal Heldal ◽  
Tonje Castberg ◽  
Runar Thyrhaug ◽  
Gunnar Bratbak
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Large Genome Size

scholarly journals Chromatin organization and cytological features of carnivorous Genlisea species with large genome size differences

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung D. Tran ◽  
Hieu X. Cao ◽  
Gabriele Jovtchev ◽  
Petr Novák ◽  
Giang T. H. Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Chromatin Organization ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Large Genome Size
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