scholarly journals Lipoproteins and other Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in a Student Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragana Pap ◽  
Emina Čolak ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh ◽  
Gordana Grubor-Lajšić ◽  
Sanja Vicković
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Summary Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in many populations, especially in developed countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the lipid status in a student population at increased risk for CVD in comparison with students who are not at increased risk for CVD. Methods: This study included 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women), with a mean age of 22.32±1.85 years. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) of less and more than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). Total cholesterol - TCH, triglycerides - TG, high density lipoprotein cholesterol - HDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol - LDL-c, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol - VLDL-c concentrations were determined and the index of atherosclerosis (IA), established risk factors RF-TCH/HDL-c ratio and non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio were mathematically calculated. Results: The values of TCH, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, VLDL-c and TG were significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (P<0.001). IA, non-HDL-c/HDL-c and RF-TCH/HDL-c ratio were also significantly higher (P<0.001), while HDL-c was significantly lower (p<0.01) in Group 1 compared to controls. These results were not influenced by gender in both groups of subjects. Conclusions: The data suggest that increased anthropometric parameters are followed by increased lipoprotein status in the group of students at increased risk for CVD and screening of the lipid status is necessary in students, especially in those who are at increased risk for CVD.

Abstract P181: Atherogenic Lipoproteins and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Offspring Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Ikezaki ◽  
Elise Lim ◽  
Ching-Ti Liu ◽  
L Adrienne Cupples ◽  
Bela F Asztalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Ascvd Risk

Introduction: Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small-dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C), LDL-triglyceride (LDL-TG), triglycerides (TG), remnant-lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C), triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-C (TRL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels have been associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, these parameters have not been included in risk factors for ASCVD in the pooled cohort equation (PCE). Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that these atherogenic lipoprotein parameters add significant information for ASCVD risk prediction in the Framingham Offspring Study. Methods: We evaluated 3,147 subjects without ASCVD at baseline (mean age 58 years) from participants of Framingham Offspring Study cycle 6, 677 (21.5%) of whom developed inclusive ASCVD over 16 years. Biomarkers of risk were assessed in frozen plasma samples. Total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, LDL-TG, Lp(a), RLP-C, and TRL-C were measured by standardized automated analysis. Calculated LDL-C, large buoyant low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (lbLDL-C), VLDL-C, and non-HDL-C values were calculated. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional regression analysis and net reclassification improvement (NRI) analysis to identify parameters significantly associated with the incidence of ASCVD after controlling for standard ASCVD risk factor and applying the PCE model. Results: All specialized lipoprotein parameters were significant ASCVD risk factors on univariate analysis, but only direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and Lp(a) were significant on multivariate analysis with standard risk factors in the model. Together these parameters significantly improved the model c statistic (0.716 vs 0.732, P < 0.05) and net risk reclassification (mean NRI 0.104, P < 0.01) for ASCVD risk. Using the ASCVD risk pooled cohort equation, sdLDL-C, TG, LDL-TG, LDL-C, RLP-C, and TRL-C individually added significant information, but no other parameter added significant information with sdLDL-C (hazard ratio 1.30 for 75th vs 25th percentile, P < 0.0001) in the model. Conclusions: In multivariate analysis, sdLDL-C, direct LDL-C, and Lp(a) contributed significantly to ASCVD risk, but only sdLDL-C added significant risk information to the PCE model, indicating that sdLDL-C may be the most atherogenic lipoprotein particle.

Cardiovascular event rates increase after each recurrence and associate with poor statin adherence

2020 ◽  
pp. 204748732090433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann I Lassenius ◽  
Iiro Toppila ◽  
Susanne Bergius ◽  
Julia Perttilä ◽  
KE Juhani Airaksinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Event Rates

Aims The study evaluated the quality of cardiovascular prevention in real-world clinical practice. The recurrence of up to five cardiovascular events was assessed, as data on recurrence beyond the first event and interindividual variations in event rates past the second event have been sparse. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and lipid-lowering therapy use were investigated. Methods This retrospective register-based study included adult patients with an incident cardiovascular event between 2004 and 2016 treated in the hospital district of southwest Finland. Patients were followed for consecutive cardiovascular events or cardiovascular death, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and statin purchases. The timing of event recurrence was evaluated, and predictive factors were assessed. Results A wide interindividual variation in cardiovascular event recurrence was observed, each additional event caused an increased risk, the median time of recurrence decreased from 7 to one year for the second and fifth event. Event rates increased correspondingly from 12 to 43/100 patient-years and were most pronounced in the first years following the previous event. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal (<1.8 mmol/l) was reached by 18% in the year after the event and statin underuse was associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Six months after the index event high intensity statins were used by only 22% of the cohort. Conclusion The study provides new perspectives on individual risk assessment showing that event rates are not stable for all patients but increase 1.2–1.9-fold per consecutive event. The underuse of statins and poor adherence support the identification of these patients for intensified multifactorial preventive measures.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk factors are associated with immune cell mitochondrial respiration in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. H481-H487
Author(s):  
Theodore M. DeConne ◽  
Eric R. Muñoz ◽  
Faria Sanjana ◽  
Joshua C. Hobson ◽  
Christopher R. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were found to be negatively associated with several parameters of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy adults. These data suggest that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure may induce metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, contributing to increased cardiovascular disease risk and impaired immune health.

scholarly journals THE PREDICTION OF HYPERTENSION IN MINERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Mulerova ◽  
M. Yu. Ogarkov ◽  
S. A. Maksimov ◽  
A. Ye. Skripchenko ◽  
G. V. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Coal Enterprises

The relationships of risk factors with hypertension in workers of coal enterprises were studied. Based on the identified predictors developed risk prediction scale of this disease in miners.Surveyed 792 employees of the mine “Polosukhinskaya”. Along with a complete clinical, anthropometric and laboratory testing, conducted settlement criterion relative risk of developing hypertension.The most important factors determining the increased risk of disease in workers of coal enterprises were: increased body weight, age, waist circumference, and the index “waist/hip”, elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index. These signs and have the greatest prognostic factors that increase the risk of developing the disease.

Reduction in the Ratio of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Highdensity Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Associated with Increased Risks of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Chenchen Wei ◽  
Quhong Song ◽  
Junfeng Liu ◽  
Yajun Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Purpose: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a potentially serious complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Whether the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) is associated with HT remains unclear. Methods: Ischemic stroke patients within 7 days of stroke onset from January 2016 to November 2017 were included in this study. Lipid profiles were measured within 24h after admission. HT was determined by a second computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging within 7 days after admission. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between LDL-C/HDL-C and HT. Results: We enrolled 1239 patients with AIS (788 males; mean age, 64 ± 15 years), of whom 129 (10.4%) developed HT. LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly lower on admission in patients with HT than those without HT (2.00 ± 0.89 vs. 2.25 ± 1.02, P=0.009). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of low LDL-C/HDL-C for HT was 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-3.01, P＜0.001). After adjustment for possible confounders, lower LDL-C/HDL-C (≤1.52) was significantly associated with HT (OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.02-2.31, P=0.046). Similar results were observed between lower LDL-C (≤ 4 mmol/L) and HT (OR 4.17, 95% CI: 1.25-13.90, P=0.02). However, no significant association was found between HT and high HDL-C, low triglycerides or low total cholesterol. Conclusion: Lower LDL-C/HDL-C and LDL-C were significantly associated with increased risk of HT after AIS. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and then optimize lipid management in stroke patients with lower LDL/HDL-C or LDL-C.

scholarly journals Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Participants Over 70 Years Old: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
xin Su ◽  
Deqiang Zheng ◽  
Meiping Wang ◽  
Yingting Zuo ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Unmeasured Confounding ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract BackgroundPrevious studies, in which the data were collected about half a century ago, suggested that elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients over 70 years old. However, what is the relationship between LDL-C and CVD risk in a contemporary population aged over 70 years has not been well examined in China.MethodsThe China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is an ongoing nationally representative study. In this analysis, participants of CHARLS who did not taking statins and did not have heart disease and stroke at 2011 were include and were followed up to 2018. The outcome of this analysis was occurrence of CVD at follow up, which include heart disease and stroke. Cox regression was used to assess the harmful effect of LDL-C on CVD occurrence. We calculated e-values to quantify the effect of unmeasured confounding on our results.ResultsOf the 9,631 participants, 15.2% (N=1,463) were aged over 70 years and 52.5% (N=5,060) were female. During the 7 years follow-up, 1,437 participants had a first CVD attack. Risk of CVD occurrence increased 8% with each 10 mg/mL elevation in LDL-C in whole participants (adjusted HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.06-1.10) and age groups of ≥70 years, 60-69years and <60 years. Similar results were observed in subgroup analyses, in which participants were stratified by sex, hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. According to the restricted cubic spline, we noted a U-shaped relationship between LDL-C and risk of CVD occurrence in group over 70 years old, however, we further found that in the left side of U-shape curve, LDL-C was not associated with occurrence of CVD and its attribution to CVD occurrence was only 2.1%, which indicated that lower level of LDL-C could not increase the risk of CVD occurrence as it was demonstrated by a U-shape association. E-value analysis suggested robustness to unmeasured confounding.ConclusionsIn contemporary society of China, elevated the level of LDL-C also increased the risk of CVD in participants over 70 years old as in the relatively younger participants. These results should strengthen guideline recommendations for the use of lipid lowering therapies in those elderly.

scholarly journals Bilirubin ameliorates murine atherosclerosis through inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and reshaping the immune system

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanmei Wen ◽  
Leyi Yao ◽  
Yali Hao ◽  
Jinheng Wang ◽  
Jinbao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused mainly by lipid accumulation and excessive inflammatory immune response. Although the lipid-lowering and cardioprotective properties of bilirubin, as well as the negative relationship between bilirubin and atherosclerosis, were well documented, it is not yet clear whether bilirubin can attenuate atherosclerosis in vivo. In this study, we investigated the role of bilirubin in improving atherosclerosis. We found that mildly elevated bilirubin significantly reduced the risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, liver total cholesterol, and cholesterol ester concentration in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice fed a western-type (high fat) diet. It was further found that bilirubin could promote the degradation of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), a rate-limiting enzyme for endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Using mass cytometry-based high dimensional single cell analysis, we observed a decrease of natural killer cells and an increase of dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which all are closely associated with atherosclerosis risk factors and contribute to the improvement of atherosclerosis, in ApoE−/− mice treated with bilirubin. By in-depth analysis, modulation of multiple spleen or peripheral blood T cell clusters exhibiting either positive or negative correlations with total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was detected after bilirubin treatment. In this study, we demonstrate that bilirubin serves as a negative regulator of atherosclerosis and reduces atherosclerosis by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis and modulating the immune system.

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