scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation of rainfall over Bihar State, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratibha Warwade ◽  
Shalini Tiwari ◽  
Sunil Ranjan ◽  
Surendra K. Chandniha ◽  
Jan Adamowski
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Bihar State ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cumulative Deviation ◽  
Shift Change

AbstractThis study detected, for the first time, the long term annual and seasonal rainfall trends over Bihar state, India, between 1901 and 2002. The shift change point was identified with the cumulative deviation test (cumulative sum – CUSUM), and linear regression. After the shift change point was detected, the time series was subdivided into two groups: before and after the change point. Arc-Map 10.3 was used to evaluate the spatial distribution of the trends. It was found that annual and monsoon rainfall trends decreased significantly; no significant trends were observed in pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter rainfall. The average decline in rainfall rate was –2.17 mm·year−1and –2.13 mm·year−1for the annual and monsoon periods. The probable change point was 1956. The number of negative extreme events were higher in the later period (1957–2002) than the earlier period (1901–1956).

scholarly journals Finding Action Tubes with a Sparse-to-Dense Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 11466-11473
Author(s):  
Yuxi Li ◽  
Weiyao Lin ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
John See ◽  
Rui Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Feature ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Temporal Action

The task of spatial-temporal action detection has attracted increasing researchers. Existing dominant methods solve this problem by relying on short-term information and dense serial-wise detection on each individual frames or clips. Despite their effectiveness, these methods showed inadequate use of long-term information and are prone to inefficiency. In this paper, we propose for the first time, an efficient framework that generates action tube proposals from video streams with a single forward pass in a sparse-to-dense manner. There are two key characteristics in this framework: (1) Both long-term and short-term sampled information are explicitly utilized in our spatio-temporal network, (2) A new dynamic feature sampling module (DTS) is designed to effectively approximate the tube output while keeping the system tractable. We evaluate the efficacy of our model on the UCF101-24, JHMDB-21 and UCFSports benchmark datasets, achieving promising results that are competitive to state-of-the-art methods. The proposed sparse-to-dense strategy rendered our framework about 7.6 times more efficient than the nearest competitor.

scholarly journals Environmental plasticity and colonisation history in the Atlantic salmon microbiome: a translocation experiment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamsyn M. Uren Webster ◽  
Deiene Rodriguez-Barreto ◽  
Giovanni Castaldo ◽  
John Taylor ◽  
Peter Gough ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Time

AbstractMicrobial communities associated with the gut and the skin are strongly influenced by environmental factors, and can rapidly adapt to change. Historical processes may also affect the microbiome. In particular, variation in microbial colonisation in early life has the potential to induce lasting effects on microbial assemblages. However, little is known about the relative extent of microbiome plasticity or the importance of historical colonisation effects following environmental change, especially for non-mammalian species. To investigate this we performed a reciprocal translocation of Atlantic salmon between captive and semi-natural conditions. Wild and hatchery-reared fry were transferred to three common garden experimental environments for six weeks: standard hatchery conditions, hatchery conditions with an enriched diet, and simulated wild conditions. We characterised the faecal and skin microbiome of individual fish before and after the environmental translocation, using a BACI (before-after-control-impact) design. We found evidence of extensive plasticity in both gut and skin microbiota, with the greatest changes in alpha and beta diversity associated with the largest changes in environment and diet. Microbiome richness and diversity were entirely determined by environment, with no detectable historical effects of fish origin. Microbiome structure was also strongly influenced by current environmental conditions but, for the first time in fish, we also found evidence of colonisation history, including a number of OTUs characteristic of captive rearing. These results may have important implications for host adaptation to local selective pressures, and also highlight how conditions during early life can have a long-term influence on the microbiome and, potentially, host health.

Analysis of long-term rainfall trends and change point in West Bengal, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1647-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Kundu ◽  
Tarun Kumar Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Rainfall Trends

scholarly journals Component Permeabilities and Water Contents in periplaneta Integument: Role Of The Epidermis Re-Examined

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MACHIN ◽  
G. J. LAMPERT ◽  
M. J. O'DONNELL
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
First Time ◽  
Water Contents

Improved in vivo and in vitro techniques for measuring cuticular water permeability are described. Air flowing over a cuticle disc mounted in a holder, permitted elimination of unstirred layers, or corrections for them, for the first time. Conditions inside the holder were incompatible with the long-term health of the epidermal cells. Significantly, mean permeabilities of these discs did not differ from values obtained in vivo on the same cuticular plate. Overall cuticular permeability was apportioned between endocuticle and combined epicuticle and exocuticle on the basis of measurements made before and after solvent extraction of lipids. Under identical activity gradients, endocuticle permeability was 35 to 40 times greater than the value for the other layer. Permeability of both component layers showed strongly non-linear relationships with ambient activity, with empirical proportionality to the reciprocal of vapour pressure lowering. Cuticle water contents measured in activity gradient conditions showed significantly higher values in vivo than in vitro. The amount of water contained in the combined epicuticle and exocuticle was too small to measure. We conclude that neither permeability nor water content data support the existence of a significant water barrier in the region of the epidermis.

scholarly journals Evolution of aseismic slip rate along plate boundary faults before and after megathrust earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Igarashi ◽  
Aitaro Kato
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Aseismic Slip ◽  
Megathrust Earthquakes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Earthquake Cycles

AbstractSimilar earthquakes that occur in approximately the same location have the potential to reveal the spatio-temporal changes in aseismic slip along plate boundaries. Here we identify similar earthquakes with moderate magnitudes that occurred worldwide between 1989 and 2016 by using seismograms recorded by the Japanese dense seismic network. The slip rate along the plate boundaries estimated from similar earthquakes increased rapidly following M > 8 megathrust ruptures and then gradually decayed over periods of ~10 years, which correlates with after-slip progressing around the source areas. More than 30 years after large megathrust earthquakes, the slip rate begins to show a gradual increase. This gradual increase in slip rate after the decay may be due to an increase in stress levels that accumulate during tectonic loading. The spatio-temporal characteristics of inter-plate aseismic slip can be used to provide a valuable framework for understanding the long-term evolution of slip-rate during megathrust earthquake cycles.

scholarly journals Analysis of Long-term Rainfall Trends in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md. Hasan Imam ◽  
Sabuj Roy ◽  
Farhana Hoque ◽  
Urmee Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Trend ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Data Series ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
Annual Scale

Abstract The study of rainfall trends is critically important for Bangladesh whose food security and
economy are dependent on the timely availability of water. Trends in monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall on the eight divisions as well as all Bangladesh were examined in this study using a monthly data series of 40 years (1981–2020). Most of the divisions showed decreasing trend in monsoon seasonal rainfall but for only three divisions namely Dhaka, Rajshahi and Rangpur were statistically significant except in Chattogram division, whereas rainfall trend showed positive but not significant. On an annual scale, all divisions also showed a decreasing trend with insignificant exceptions in Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions, which showed a statistically significant trend. For all Bangladesh, no significant trend was detected for seasonal rainfall. Annual, pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter rainfall decreased, while post-monsoon rainfall increased at the national scale but was not significant. Only annual rainfall was detected as statistically significant for all Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Bone formation and resorption biological markers in cosmonauts during and after a 180-day space flight (Euromir 95)

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Caillot-Augusseau ◽  
Marie-Héléne Lafage-Proust ◽  
Claude Soler ◽  
Josiane Pernod ◽  
Francis Dubois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Intact Osteocalcin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Time

Abstract Long-term spaceflights induce bone loss as a result of profound modifications of bone remodeling, the modalities of which remain unknown in humans. We measured intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium; for bone formation, serum concentrations of bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), intact osteocalcin (iBGP), and type 1 procollagen propeptide (PICP); for resorption, urinary concentrations (normalized by creatinine) of procollagen C-telopeptide (CTX), free and bound deoxypyridinoline (F and B D-Pyr), and Pyr in a 36-year-old cosmonaut (RTO), before (days −180, −60, and −15), during (from days 10 to 178, n = 12), and after (days +7, +15, +25, and +90) a 180-day spaceflight, in another cosmonaut (ASW) before and after the flight. Flight PTH tended to decrease by 48% and postflight PTH increased by 98%. During the flight, BAP, iBGP, and PICP decreased by 27%, 38%, and 28% respectively in CM1, and increased by 54%, 35%, and 78% after the flight. F D-Pyr and CTX increased by 54% and 78% during the flight and decreased by 29% and 40% after the flight, respectively. We showed for the first time in humans that microgravity induced an uncoupling of bone remodeling between formation and resorption that could account for bone loss.

Untersuchungen zur Quantifizierung der Änderung der Skelettmuskeldurchblutung nach Gefäßrevaskularisationen mit einem 99mTechnetiummarkierten Tracer

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Benning ◽  
K. Nagel ◽  
M. Jugenheimer ◽  
S. Fischer ◽  
S. Worthmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transluminal Angioplasty ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Treadmill Test ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
First Time ◽  
Percutaneous Transluminal

A new 99mTc-labelled tracer (99mTc-Sestanriibi) was used for the first time to demonstrate the perfusion of the skeletal muscle. In 16 patients with obstructive atherosclerosis of the lower limbs the change of perfusion of thigh and lower leg was studied with SPECT before and after vascular surgery (n = 11) or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (n = 5). Comparative results of scintigraphic measurements and clinical observations (ancle-arm pressure, treadmill test) in 10 surgical patients (14 operated legs) showed correct positive or negative results in 86% (12/14).

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