scholarly journals The Microscopic Detection of Animal Proteins in Animal Feed Regarding Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radmila Crceva Nikolovska ◽  
Aleksandra Angeleska ◽  
Srecko Gjorgjievski ◽  
Katerina Blagoevska ◽  
Riste Uzunov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Microscopic Method ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies

Abstract Due to the actuality of spongiform encephalopathies and their proven spreading by means of animal feed containing meat and bone meal, the description and measurement of osteocytic lacunae contributes to more easily distinguish bone fragments in meat and bone meal. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) have attracted a lot of attention, especially after 1986, when the first case of BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) was detected. Since the outbreak of spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), the use of animal protein including bone meal as an ingredient in animal feed has been controlled by several regulations including Regulation (EC) 999/2001, Regulation (EC) 1774/2002, and Regulation (EC) 1234/2003. The classical microscopic method is the only official method for detecting animal protein in animal feed in the European Union (Commission Regulation (EC) 152/2009). By applying the microscopic method to the animal feed samples, we performed detection in order to determine the presence of animal proteins that originate from mammals and fish. The microscopic analysis of all 421 samples, of which 115 were raw materials for the production of animal feed, 230 were concentrates for ruminant nutrition and 76 were concentrates for non-ruminant nutrition (32 concentrates for laying hens and 44 concentrates for pigs), did not provide positive results, that is, no remains of animal tissues of mammalian origin were found in any specimen. Whereas in 10 out of 32 (31.25%) concentrates intended for non-ruminant nutrition (laying hens), pieces of fish tissue were found. In these samples, we usually detected the presence of fish bones, gills and scales.

Are Bacterial Toxins Involved in the Aetiology of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies?

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Bacterial Toxins ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Infected Meat ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
The Brain

It is argued that the conditions for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Creutzfeld-Jacob disease epidemics necessitate, in addition to a diet that contains infected meat and bone meal, the presence of leaky membranes that enable bacterial toxins to circulate in the blood and enter the brain.

Detection and identification of animal-derived protein in feedingstuffs by enzyme-linked immunoassay

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
P. A. Brett ◽  
P. R. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Animal Feeds ◽  
Regulatory Authorities ◽  
Detection And Identification

In Great Britain the use of animal-derived protein in animal feeds has recently been subject to restrictions (The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Order 1988 and subsequent orders), including a prohibition on the use of animal protein produced from ruminant carcases in feed given to ruminants. More generally, livestock producers are increasingly demanding more detailed information about the ingredients included in the compound feeds they purchase, and may stipulate that meat and bone meal derived from particular animal species is not used in their feed. In order that compliance with these legal and commercial requirements can be monitored and enforced, it is important that feed manufacturers, their customers and the regulatory authorities should have recourse to a means of identifying the species from which animal protein, when present in a feed, is derived.

Real-Time PCR Detection of Ruminant DNA

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS MENDOZA-ROMERO ◽  
EDWARD L. C. VERKAAR ◽  
PAUL H. SAVELKOUL ◽  
ARNOLD CATSBURG ◽  
HENK J. M. AARTS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Dna Targeting ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Semiquantitative Method

To control the spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, several DNA methods have been described for the detection of the species origin of meat and bone meal. Most of these methods are based on the amplification of a mitochondrial DNA segment. We have developed a semiquantitative method based on real-time PCR for detection of ruminant DNA, targeting an 88-bp segment of the ruminant short interspersed nuclear element Bov-A2. This method is specific for ruminants and is able to detect as little as 10 fg of bovine DNA. Autoclaving decreased the amount of detectable DNA, but positive signals were observed in feeding stuff containing 10% bovine material if this had not been rendered in accordance with the regulations, i.e., heated at 134°C for 3 instead of 20 min.

A quantitative assessment of the risk of exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy via meat-and-bone meal in Japan

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 221-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehisa Yamamoto ◽  
Toshiyuki Tsutsui ◽  
Takashi Nonaka ◽  
Sota Kobayashi ◽  
Akiko Nishiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

Development of Primers for Detection of Meat and Bone Meal in Ruminant Feed and Identification of the Animal of Origin

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. KUSAMA ◽  
T. NOMURA ◽  
K. KADOWAKI
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Important Prerequisite ◽  
Ruminant Feed

The safe use of cattle feed free from meat and bone meal is an important prerequisite to prevent further spread of bovine spongiform encephalopathy. We designed primers to detect very small amounts of meat and bone meal in ruminant feed. Mitochondrial subunit 8 of the ATP synthase gene was used as a target sequence. PCR-based assays revealed amplification of DNA from mammals, ruminants, and individual species using these primers. The method allowed detection of the presence of meat and bone meal in ruminant feed from 0.1 to 0.01%. Sensitivity and effectiveness of the method for detecting prohibited animal proteins in ruminant feed was evaluated.

scholarly journals Atypical H-Type Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in a Cow Born after the Reinforced Feed Ban on Meat-and-Bone Meal in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 4171-4174 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Guldimann ◽  
M. Gsponer ◽  
C. Drogemuller ◽  
A. Oevermann ◽  
T. Seuberlich
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal

Detection and identification of banned Processed Animal Protein in feedingstuffs by microscopic and PCR methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-164
Author(s):  
A. Weiner ◽  
A. Gołębiowska ◽  
I. Paprocka ◽  
K. Kwiatek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Microscopic Method ◽  
Supplementary Method ◽  
Detection And Identification

Detection and identification of banned Processed Animal Protein in feedingstuffs by microscopic and PCR methods The aim of the study was to present the results of comparative evaluation of the usefulness of PCR and microscopic methods for the detection of Processed Animal Protein (PAP) in feedingstuffs. In the validation study, the limit of the detection for PCR was determined on 0.05% for beef, 0.1% for pork and 0.2% for poultry meat and bone meal (MBM). Among 62 doubtful samples of feedingstuffs examined by microscopic method 41 (66.13%) were found as positive. Based on the results obtained with the use of the microscopic and PCR methods it is possible to state that the molecular biology methods can, at present, be used as a supplementary method in PAP detection. Key worlds: animal feedingstuffs, meat and bone meal, PCR, PAP

scholarly journals Meat bone meal as an alternative animal feed: a brief review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Yanuartono - Yanuartono
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Meat Bone Meal

ABSTRAKMeat bone meal (MBM) dapat dianggap sebagai limbah pemotongan hewan utama, karena proporsi bahan dan residu terbesar tidak dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pangan manusia sehingga digunakan untuk memproduksi MBM. Meat bone meal tidak hanya lebih murah, tetapi juga sumber protein kasar, mulai dari 35 hingga 55% serta kandungan kalsium dan fosfor yang tinggi, sehingga menjadikannya bahan pakan penting untuk ternak dan hewan kesayangan. Larangan penggunaan MBM sebagai bahan pakan ternak disebabkan oleh munculnya wabah bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) yang disebut juga penyakit sapi gila. Meat bone meal terbukti menjadi vektor yang sangat potensial untuk BSE dan dapat dianggap sebagai penyebab utama penyebaran penyakit tersebut.Tujuan dari ulasan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi mengenai manfaat dan risiko menggunakan MBM dalam industri peternakan.

Development of Primers for Detection of Heat-Treated Cetacean Materials in Porcine Meat and Bone Meal

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAOKI SHINODA ◽  
TOMOTARO YOSHIDA ◽  
TOYOKO KUSAMA ◽  
MASAMI TAKAGI ◽  
TAKASHI ONODERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
First Case ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Primer Sets

The feed ban introduced after the detection of the first case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in 2001 in Japan has been modified to allow some of the previously prohibited animal materials to be used in animal feed. Recently, porcine materials were allowed to be used in feed for pigs, poultry, and fish. Materials from other mammals, including whales, remain prohibited. In the absence of a method to detect the prohibited whale materials in porcine materials, there is a possibility that the whale materials are being used for feed for pigs, poultry, and fish. To detect illegal use of whale materials mixed with porcine materials, we have developed PCR primers specific to a group of most cetacean species, using a computer-based method we developed previously. The primer sets were capable of detecting whale meat meal that had been autoclaved at 133°C for up to 20 min. The detection limit of whale material in porcine meat and bone meal was 0.1%.

PCR Detection of Bovine Mitochondrial DNA Derived from Meat and Bone Meal in Feed

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2829-2832 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATSUSHI TOYODA ◽  
MITSURU NAKAJO ◽  
HIROYUKI KAWACHI ◽  
TOHRU MATSUI ◽  
HIDEO YANO
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Particles

Because bovine meat and bone meal (MBM) is thought to be a major source of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, we developed a PCR-based method for detection of bovine MBM in animal feed. We isolated bone particles from feed containing bovine MBM using a separation technique based on specific gravity and then washed bone particles with sodium hypochlorite solution and an EDTA–proteinase K solution. The mitochondrial DNA was extracted from bone particles and amplified using PCR with cattle-specific primers. Bovine DNA was not detected in a milk replacer containing dried skim milk and dried whey, but bovine DNA was detected in the milk replacer that was mixed with bovine MBM. Other cattle-derived materials in feeds did not interfere with the selective detection of bovine MBM. This method allowed detection of bovine mitochondrial DNA in feed with 0.1% added bovine MBM. When the treatment with sodium hypochlorite was excluded, bovine DNA derived from MBM could not be distinguished from bovine DNA derived from other bovine materials. However, the exclusion of this treatment improved the detection limit of bovine MBM in feed. This method appears suitable for the selective detection of bovine MBM in feed.

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