Raw Ingredients in Cat Food Manufacturing: Palatability, Digestibility and Halal Issues in Malaysia

Raw ingredients commonly used in the cat food manufacturing are derived fromvarious sources such as meat, meat by products, fish, poultry, vegetables, vegetables byproducts, cereals, fruits, and bones. Meat meal and meat bone meal are unpopular rawingredients since they are manufactured from carcasses and offal of cows, pigs, goats andsheep and may even contain deleterious and unhealthy ingredients. There is the possibility ofthe occurrence of ingredients containing non halal components. There are several types of catfood in the market which are graded based on their ingredients and nutritive values especiallythe protein content. The biological values of the popular protein sources used in cat foodmanufacturing were highlighted. The importance of carbohydrate content, which is mostlynot available on the packaging pack is emphasized and the method of calculation shown.

Ochratoxin contamination in pig feed from pig farming centres in Indonesia

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is the most common toxin found in nature. Ochratoxin is a metabolic product by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. OTA produced by many Aspergillus or Penicicillium species that contaminate animal feeds can cause diseases. This study aims to determine the incidence of ochratoxin contamination in pig feed such as pellets, meat bone meal (MBM), and tofu by products. The sampling method used the disease detection formula to collect 36 samples 36 taken from several regions. North Sumatra, East Nusa Tenggara, Bali, Bulan Island, Solo, Lampung, Banten, Bogor and Jakarta. Ochratoxin contamination in animal feed was detected based on the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using Agraquant® ochratoxin assay following the manufacturer’s protocol. The analysis showed that 6 of the 36 samples (16.7%) were tested positive for ochratoxin contamination. Pellets and MBM were the feed and feedstuff which were found to contain ochratoxin. The concentration of ochratoxin in MBM was below the limit set by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia (5 ppb). The high contamination of ochratoxin was found in pellets from Lampung (19 ppb). The fungi found to dominates the culture media and come from pellet feed were Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger.

Comparative Analysis of Meat Bone Meal and Meat Bone Combustion Using the Life Cycle Assessment Method

LCA analysis with 16 impact categories was used for the comparison of two developed combustion technologies: Scenario I—the combustion of meat bone meal produced from all types of meat waste; Scenario II—the combustion of meat bones from the production of meat products. The key hotspots determined were electricity and natural gas consumption, covering as much as 98.2% of the total influence on the environment in Scenario I and 99.3% in Scenario II. Without taking into account the environmental burdens avoided, the LCA analysis showed that Scenario I was assessed to have 71.2% less environmental impact. The avoided burdens approach changed the relationship between the two scenarios. The absolute value score for the overall environmental impact shows that Scenario II can be more environmentally beneficial than Scenario I; however, Scenario I allowed the elimination of all types of Polish meat waste, and Scenario II could only be carried out in meat production units for the elimination of meat bone waste and by-products from meat processing (i.e., 23% of the total meat waste produced in Poland).

PRAKIRAAN HARGA MEAT BONE MEAL (MBM) MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN SYARAF TIRUAN BACKPROPAGATION

XYZ is a poultry feed producer in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java. The problem in developing poultry feed at PT XYZ was the fluctuating price of poultry feed. Meat bone meal (MBM) or what is called meat flour is one of the raw materials for poultry feed that affects the final price of poultry feed products. The price of MBM was greatly influenced by the exchange rate of the rupiah against the dollar. Forecasting is one way that needs to be done in dealing with MBM price fluctuations. The aim of this study was to estimate the price of MBM using backpropagation neural networks (BNN). The data used in this study was the price of MBM in the period January 2016-October 2018. Based on the results of the study, the best BNN architecture for the estimated MBM price was12-10-1 (12 input nodes, 10 hidden nodes, and 1 output node). This architecture has reached the training target of 0.002 with a MAPE test value of 13.93%. Based on forecasts with the BNN the highest MBM price in May 2019 and the lowest MBM price in January 2019.

Optimisation of the co-combustion of meat–bone meal and sewage sludge in terms of the quality produced ashes used as substitute of phosphorites

To obtain a high-quality phosphorus raw material comparable in quality to the best phosphorites used in the fertiliser industry, an analysis was carried out to determine the optimal mass proportions of a meat–bone meal and sewage sludge mixture to be used in a co-combustion process. The ashes obtained contained hydroxyapatite that could be considered a high-quality substitute for phosphorites, with an average P2O5 content of 33.5%. These ashes do not contain fluorine compounds, cadmium content is at trace levels and they do not contain the radioactive compounds that are present in trace amounts in all phosphates. The developed process is an example of a production complex using cleaner technologies and circular economy principles on a microeconomic scale.

Meat bone meal as an alternative animal feed: a brief review

ABSTRAKMeat bone meal (MBM) dapat dianggap sebagai limbah pemotongan hewan utama, karena proporsi bahan dan residu terbesar tidak dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pangan manusia sehingga digunakan untuk memproduksi MBM. Meat bone meal tidak hanya lebih murah, tetapi juga sumber protein kasar, mulai dari 35 hingga 55% serta kandungan kalsium dan fosfor yang tinggi, sehingga menjadikannya bahan pakan penting untuk ternak dan hewan kesayangan. Larangan penggunaan MBM sebagai bahan pakan ternak disebabkan oleh munculnya wabah bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) yang disebut juga penyakit sapi gila. Meat bone meal terbukti menjadi vektor yang sangat potensial untuk BSE dan dapat dianggap sebagai penyebab utama penyebaran penyakit tersebut.Tujuan dari ulasan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi mengenai manfaat dan risiko menggunakan MBM dalam industri peternakan.

Produktivitas Ayam Arab Petelur dengan Pola Pemberian Free Feeding Choice

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the contribution effect of feeding Wulandari et al. (2013) and Wulandari et al. (2015) rations and free feeding choice in Arab hen. One hundred birds of Arab hen, age was + 14 weeks, with an average body weight of 814,73 g ± 46,86 g were used as experimental animals, and were divided randomly into a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. Feedstuffs used for dietary treatments were rice bran, yellow corn, fish meal, Azolla microphylla, CaCO3, oyster shell, meat bone meal, soybean meal, pollard, and top mix. The rations were formulated as ration from Wulandari et al. (2013) and Wulandari et al. (2015). At the same time, there are feedstuff which gived ad libitum without formulated. Conclusion of the research is that free feeding choice affect by palatability feedstuff and gives a random data. Consumption ration on free feeding choice more decrease than another treatments. Keywords: arab’s laying hans, free feeding choice, productivity

TAMPILAN GULA DARAH , LAKTOSA DAN PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH LAKTASI YANG DISUPLEMENTASI BAKING SODA (NaHCO3)

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of baking soda as a supplement of dairy cattle feed on blood sugar, lactose, and milk production. This study used the dairy cow FH lactation of the 2nd lactation period of 5th month lactation and 6th lactation of 12 with 2-3 years old. Dairy cow FH lactation has a weight of 389.17 ± 27 kg. The treatment used was the addition of baking soda with the level of 0.8% and 1.0%. This study used a ration consisting of soybean meal, corn, brand, meat bone meal, lactoplus and forage grass uganda feed. This study used a complete randomized design consisting of 3 replication and 4 treatments. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis and F test at 5% level. The results showed that the addition of baking soda as supplement had no significant effect on blood sugar, lactose, and milk (P> 0,05), but it can increase milk production without supplementation (T0). The conclusion of this research is that the addition of baking soda at the level of 0.8 and 1.0% has no significant effect on blood sugar, lactose, and cow milk production. Keywords: Baking soda,blood sugar,lactose and production of diary milk

Produktivitas Ayam Arab Petelur dengan Pola Pemberian Free Feeding Choice

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the contribution effect of feeding Wulandari et al. (2013) and Wulandari et al. (2015) rations and free feeding choice in Arab hen. One hundred birds of Arab hen, age was + 14 weeks, with an average body weight of 814,73 g ± 46,86 g were used as experimental animals, and were divided randomly into a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 6 replications. Feedstuffs used for dietary treatments were rice bran, yellow corn, fish meal, Azolla microphylla, CaCO3, oyster shell, meat bone meal, soybean meal, pollard, and top mix. The rations were formulated as ration from Wulandari et al. (2013) and Wulandari et al. (2015). At the same time, there are feedstuff which gived ad libitum without formulated. Conclusion of the research is that free feeding choice affect by palatability feedstuff and gives a random data. Consumption ration on free feeding choice more decrease than another treatments. Keywords: arab’s laying hans, free feeding choice, productivity