scholarly journals Global Perspective for Protecting Intellectual Property – Patenting in USA and Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Michalene Eva Grebski ◽  
Radosław Wolniak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Modern Knowledge ◽  
Protecting Intellectual Property ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Paper addresses the different methods for protecting intellectual property in modern knowledge-based economies. The focus of the paper is a comparison between the procedures for applying for patents in Poland and the United States. The comparison has been made from the perspective of the cost of obtaining and maintaining a patent in Poland, the United States and some other countries. The comparison has also been made from the perspective of the procedures for applying for a patent in different countries based on the Patent Cooperation Treaty. The paper also includes a comparison of the time needed for processing the patent application. Low cost provisional twelve-month patent pending protection available in the United States is also being discussed. The paper also provides some guidance and recommendations for conducting a patent search in order to validate the originality of the invention.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Agriculture

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken R. Tefertiller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Average Consumer ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
The Cost

Agriculture is one of the Nation’s most efficient industries. The cost of living for the average consumer would be considerably higher today without the low cost of food supplied by United States agriculture. This is particularly significant at a time when we hear so much about poverty in the United States and in other countries. Had it not been for the extremely low costs of food, there would be many more poverty stricken families today. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Reining In Patent Costs

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (08) ◽  
pp. 36-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Teska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Average Cost ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Patent Attorney ◽  
Utility Patent ◽  
Basic Patent ◽  
The Cost

This paper focuses on that one can make a fortune if one holds a patent for something that everybody wants; and when one is rich and the patent expires, then in general, the society can benefit from what one invented. According a 2007 survey, the average cost for a utility patent application in the United States is around $12,000. By the time the patent is granted, the total cost could easily exceed $20,000. As for basic patent application drafting information, provide any information that the attorney will need to set the deadline for filing the application. List the names, residential addresses, and citizenship of all the likely inventors. List and provide a copy of all relevant prior papers and patents you know about that are related to the invention. Many companies use “invention disclosure” forms for these purposes. If the patent attorney is willing, ask for a discount for multiple applications and/or fixed cost applications. The overall cost may not be that much lower, but at least the cost is known ahead of time and can budget the patenting efforts accordingly.

The Low Cost of Universal Access to Healthcare in Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris L. Barer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost

The significant difference between Canada and the United States in respective share of productive activity consumed by healthcare has emerged only since 1971, This difference, currently about 2.5 percent of GNP, is concentrated in three components — medical care, hospital care and administration. Highlighted are the Canada-U.S. dissimilarities, both in overall healthcare cost and experiences since 1971. The reasons are tracked to greater U.S. hospital daily servicing intensity, higher U.S. physician fees, and the cost of the fragmented public-private U.S. system of administration and regulation.

A Global Perspective on Securitized Debt

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L Schwarcz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Capital Markets Union ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Asset Backed Securities ◽  
The Eu

Securitisation represents a significant worldwide source of capital market financing. European investors commonly invest in asset-backed securities issued in U.S. securitisation transactions, and vice versa One of the key goals of the European Commission's proposed Capital Markets Union (CMU) is to further facilitate securitisation as a source of capital market financing as a viable alternative to bank-based finance for companies operating in the EU. To that end, this chapter explains securitisation and attempts to put its rise, its decline after the global financial crisis, and its recent CMU-inspired revival into a global perspective. It examines not only securitisation's relationship to the financial crisis but also post-crisis comparative regulatory approaches in the EU and the United States.

The Oxford Handbook of Comic Book Studies

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
World System ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Visual Narrative ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Book Studies

Comic book studies has developed as a solid academic discipline, becoming an increasingly vibrant and field in the United States and globally. A growing number of dissertations, monographs, and edited books publish every year on the subject, while world comics represent the fastest-growing sector of publishing. The Oxford Handbook of Comic Book Studies examines the history and evolution of the visual narrative genre from a global perspective, bringing together readable, jargon-free essays written by established and emerging scholars from diverse geographic, institutional, gender, and national backgrounds. In particular, the Handbook explores how the term “global comics” has been defined, as well the major movements and trends that drive the field. Each essay will help readers understand comic books as a storytelling form grown within specific communities, and will also show how these forms exist within what can be considered a world system of comics.

CIKM 2020 conference report

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Mathieu D'Aquin ◽  
Stefan Dietze
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Conference Report ◽  
The United States ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Conference ◽  
Information And Knowledge Management

The 29th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) was held online from the 19 th to the 23 rd of October 2020. CIKM is an annual computer science conference, focused on research at the intersection of information retrieval, machine learning, databases as well as semantic and knowledge-based technologies. Since it was first held in the United States in 1992, 28 conferences have been hosted in 9 countries around the world.

scholarly journals SWK-11. ASSESSMENT OF THE INDIRECT COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH PROTON THERAPY TREATMENT FOR ALBERTA PATIENTS REFERRED OUT OF COUNTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii466-iii466
Author(s):  
Karina Black ◽  
Jackie Middleton ◽  
Sunita Ghosh ◽  
David Eisenstat ◽  
Samor Patel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Proton Treatment ◽  
Out Of Pocket Expenses ◽  
The Cost

Abstract BACKGROUND Proton therapy for benign and malignant tumors has dosimetric and clinical advantages over photon therapy. Patients in Alberta, Canada are referred to the United States for proton treatment. The Alberta Heath Care Insurance Plan (AHCIP) pays for the proton treatment and the cost of flights to and from the United States (direct costs). This study aimed to determine the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by patients or their families (indirect costs). METHODS Invitation letters linked to an electronic survey were mailed to patients treated with protons between 2008 and 2018. Expenses for flights for other family members, accommodations, transportation, food, passports, insurance, and opportunity costs including lost wages and productivity were measured. RESULTS Fifty-nine invitation letters were mailed. Seventeen surveys were completed (28.8% response rate). One paper survey was mailed at participant request. Nine respondents were from parent/guardian, 8 from patients. All patients were accompanied to the US by a family member/friend. Considerable variability in costs and reimbursements were reported. Many of the accompanying family/friends had to miss work; only 3 patients themselves reported missed work. Time away from work varied, and varied as to whether it was paid or unpaid time off. CONCLUSIONS Respondents incurred indirect monetary and opportunity costs which were not covered by AHCIP when traveling out of country for proton therapy. Prospective studies could help provide current data minimizing recall bias. These data may be helpful for administrators in assessing the societal cost of out-of-country referral of patients for proton therapy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Massachusetts' Health Reform on Employer-Sponsored Insurance Premiums

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John F Cogan ◽  
R. Glenn Hubbard ◽  
Daniel Kessler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Insurance Premiums ◽  
Reform Plan ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, we use publicly available data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Insurance Component (MEPS-IC) to investigate the effect of Massachusetts' health reform plan on employer-sponsored insurance premiums. We tabulate premium growth for private-sector employers in Massachusetts and the United States as a whole for 2004 - 2008. We estimate the effect of the plan as the difference in premium growth between Massachusetts and the United States between 2006 and 2008—that is, before versus after the plan—over and above the difference in premium growth for 2004 to 2006. We find that health reform in Massachusetts increased single-coverage employer-sponsored insurance premiums by about 6 percent, or $262. Although our research design has important limitations, it does suggest that policy makers should be concerned about the consequences of health reform for the cost of private insurance.

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