Investigating Scientists’ Views of the Family Resemblance Approach to Nature of Science in Science Education

In this paper, we use the “Family Resemblance Approach” (FRA) as a framework to characterize how scientists view the nature of science (NOS). FRA presents NOS as a “system” that includes clusters or categories of ideas about the cognitive-epistemic and social-institutional aspects of science. For example, the cognitive-epistemic aspects include aims and values such as objectivity and scientific methods such as hypothesis testing. Social-institutional aspects refer to a range of components including social values such as honesty about evidence and institutional contexts of science such as research institutions. Characterized as such, NOS is thus a system of interacting components. The initial account of FRA was proposed by philosophers of science and subsequently adapted and extended for science education including through empirical studies. Yet, there is little understanding of the extent to which FRA coheres with scientists’ own depictions about NOS. Hence, an empirical study was conducted with scientists to investigate their views about FRA as well as their views of NOS using the FRA framework. In so doing, the research sought to explore the utility of FRA from scientists’ point of view. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 17 Taiwanese scientists’ responses to a set of written questions indicates that scientists are in agreement with the FRA account of NOS, and they detail all aspects in their reference to NOS, although the social-institutional aspects are underrepresented in their depiction. Implications for further studies and science education are discussed.

Writing strategies while teaching a foreign language

Modern teaching methodology believes that the purpose of teaching writing in a foreign language is to develop the skills needed for learners to be able to complete written texts at the level that he (the student) would perform in his native language.The paper discusses writing as a means, writing as a result, and as a combination of both forms.Writing as a means. Writing is the best way to master almost every aspect of a foreign language (English at this point). For example, the student writes a new lexical item, grammar rules, answers written questions in writing, conveys individual thoughts in the form os essays. Writing as a key part of learning English, which is equally necessary for both knowledge acwuisition and testing.Writing as a result. The goal of all activities in English is to teach writing. Working on students’ spercific written forms at the “micro” level results in the student composing words or sentences.Writing as a means and an outcome. The third type of activity combines purposeful and original writing with the practice of establishing some skills and conveying content.

Science Process Skills and Its Implementation in the Process of Science Learning Evaluation in Schools

The study aimed to find out the science process skills and its implementation in the process of science learning evaluation in the schools. The studied aspects in the study consisted of the nature of science process skills, types of science process skills, assessment techniques for science process skills, and the assessment implementation of science process skills in learning in the schools. The research used a literature study containing relevant theories and further elaborated and its implementation in science learning in the schools. The study emphasized that science process skills were closely related to science learning and prioritize the overall assessment following the nature of science, such as product, process, and attitude dimensions. Those were covered in basic and integrated process skills. The most possible evaluation technique in measuring the science process skills was by observation or performance and written questions following the indicators of science process skills.

THE USE OF MEDIA AND LEARNING METHOD VARIATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' ABILITY IN IDENTIFYING INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF POETRY IN CLASS V SDN JATIMULYA 02 BEKASI REGENCY

The appropriate method can increase the effectiveness of learning in schools. Even easy subject is sometimes difficult to be developed and be accepted by students because the method used is not appropriate. Therefore, this study discusses several variations of learning methods in improving the ability of elementary school students to understand the intrinsic elements contained in poetry. This research is a quantitative study with a Pre-Experimental Design approach in the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This research was conducted at SDN Jatimulya 02, South Tambun, West Java. The data sources in this study were fifth-grade students at SDN Jatimulya 02 as the sample and the population consisted of 61 students, consisting of 36 girls and 25 boys. Data collection techniques using observation and test techniques. The observations made in this study were participatory because the researchers were directly involved. In this study, the researcher involved himself in the situation under study, namely as a teacher. Researchers used three types of assessments in this observation, namely an assessment of the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), an assessment of the implementation of learning, and an assessment of student tests or evaluations (cycles). The activeness of students in the class became the object of observation. The use of questionnaires was also carried out, to determine the effectiveness of students in learning Indonesian. The questionnaire is a list of written questions that must be answered to obtain certain information from students. The questionnaire is made based on a questionnaire grid that refers to the formulation of the problem. The test is used to measure students' abilities in cognitive aspects, or the level of mastery of learning materials. The process of implementing the learning outcomes test is carried out after the discussion of one subject has ended, or after one quarter or one semester has been completed. Based on the results of the study, it can be interpreted that the use of media variations and learning methods affects students' listening skills in identifying intrinsic elements. This is evidenced by the completeness of students' scores at the beginning of the test and the end of the test. In the implementation of the initial test, there were 41% of students did not complete it. However, in the final test, 100% of students were declared complete or reached the KKM

THE USE OF MEDIA AND LEARNING METHOD VARIATIONS TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' ABILITY IN IDENTIFYING INTRINSIC ELEMENTS OF POETRY IN CLASS V SDN JATIMULYA 02 BEKASI REGENCY

The appropriate method can increase the effectiveness of learning in schools. Even easy subject is sometimes difficult to be developed and be accepted by students because the method used is not appropriate. Therefore, this study discusses several variations of learning methods in improving the ability of elementary school students to understand the intrinsic elements contained in poetry. This research is a quantitative study with a Pre-Experimental Design approach in the form of One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This research was conducted at SDN Jatimulya 02, South Tambun, West Java. The data sources in this study were fifth-grade students at SDN Jatimulya 02 as the sample and the population consisted of 61 students, consisting of 36 girls and 25 boys. Data collection techniques using observation and test techniques. The observations made in this study were participatory because the researchers were directly involved. In this study, the researcher involved himself in the situation under study, namely as a teacher. Researchers used three types of assessments in this observation, namely an assessment of the Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), an assessment of the implementation of learning, and an assessment of student tests or evaluations (cycles). The activeness of students in the class became the object of observation. The use of questionnaires was also carried out, to determine the effectiveness of students in learning Indonesian. The questionnaire is a list of written questions that must be answered to obtain certain information from students. The questionnaire is made based on a questionnaire grid that refers to the formulation of the problem. The test is used to measure students' abilities in cognitive aspects, or the level of mastery of learning materials. The process of implementing the learning outcomes test is carried out after the discussion of one subject has ended, or after one quarter or one semester has been completed. Based on the results of the study, it can be interpreted that the use of media variations and learning methods affects students' listening skills in identifying intrinsic elements. This is evidenced by the completeness of students' scores at the beginning of the test and the end of the test. In the implementation of the initial test, there were 41% of students did not complete it. However, in the final test, 100% of students were declared complete or reached the KKM. Keywords: , learning methods,

Diversification of Legislation Editing Open Software (LEOS) Using Software Agents—Transforming Parliamentary Control of the Hellenic Parliament into Big Open Legal Data

The accessibility and reuse of legal data is paramount for promoting transparency, accountability and, ultimately, trust towards governance institutions. The aggregation of structured and semi-structured legal data inevitably leads to the big data realm and a series of challenges for the generation, handling, and analysis of large datasets. When it comes to data generation, LEOS represents a legal informatics tool that is maturing quickly. Now in its third release, it effectively supports the drafting of legal documents using Akoma Ntoso compatible schemes. However, the tool, originally developed for cooperative legislative drafting, can be repurposed to draft parliamentary control documents. This is achieved through the use of actor-oriented software components, referred to as software agents, which enable system interoperability by interlinking the text editing system with parliamentary control datasets. A validated corpus of written questions from the Hellenic Parliament is used to evaluate the feasibility of the endeavour, and the feasibility of using it as an authoring tool for written parliamentary questions and generation of standardised, open, legislative data. Systemic integration not only proves the tool’s versatility, but also opens up new grounds in interoperability between formerly unrelated legal systems and data sources.

PENGARUH EKUITAS MEREK DAN PERILAKU KONSUMEN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ULANG PRODUK MINYAK GORENG PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

This study aims to determine the effect of brand equity and consumer behavior on repeat purchases. This type of research uses quantitative research. The data collected in this study used questionnaires or submitted written questions to collect data from respondents with a total of 79 respondents. Respondents were taken from the customers of the Mitra Swalayan Jombang store. The data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS version 26 computer program. This study showed positive and significant results from the influence of brand equity variables (X1) and consumer behavior (X2) on the repurchase variable (Y). Brand equity against repurchase is a component that must exist. Because brand equity will make the product attractive to consumers and people are looking for to consume again. Consumer behavior towards repurchase is something that must be known by a marketer in order to understand how consumers make decisions or choose the goods to be purchased. Based on the results of this study, several conclusions can be drawn, that brand equity and consumer behavior variables affect repeat purchases at Mitra Swalayan Jombang.

35. Experts

This chapter discusses the principles governing the use of expert evidence in civil claims. It covers the admissibility of expert evidence; control of evidence; choice of expert; privileged nature of experts’ reports; disclosure of experts’ reports; written questions to experts; examinations by experts; experts’ immunity from suit; and use of experts’ reports after trial.

Countering Islamophobia in Portugal, Indonesian Muslim Expatriates’ experience

Islamophobia becomes wider international public interest since the September 11th, 2001 tragedy, especially among scholars of Islamic studies for academic or related stakeholder objectives. The main purpose of this research is to investigate Indonesian Muslim expatriate experiences in countering Islamophobia in Portugal.There are 488 Indonesian expatriates in Portugal, that 384 (78 %) of them are Muslims, working as diplomatic mission, students, traders, professionals, labors and others who stay in different cities. As the method to collect data, the researcher used triangulation techniques such as interview through guided written questions (interview), observation and documentation. The guided question data was collected from 17 respondents purposively representing profession, education, sex and residence. The data was analyzed using factor analyses covering items of Portugal government policy on religious life, characters of Portuguese culture, the characters of Indonesian Muslim socio culture, national ideology of Pancasila values, educational background of Indonesian Muslim expatriates and sociocultural normative Islamic teaching. The research revealed that Indonesian Muslim expatriates in Portugal are highly successful in countering Islamophobia, that they feel save, enjoy, peaceful, harmonious life, as feeling at homes to practice private religious and daily activities, in spite of lack mosques in public places and Islamic shools.

Blueprinting for assessment in undergraduate medical physiology curriculum

Since long, physiology teaching has been monotonous, teacher centric, didactic type and its assessment primarily focussed on the amount of knowledge recalled by means of stereotyped written questions. A blueprint specifies weightage to various mapped topics (also known as competencies) in the syllabus. For this study, IEC approval was obtained. We aimed to prepare a blueprint for assessment in the undergraduate physiology curriculum and thereby test its utility. We found that blueprinting not only establishes a balance between teaching and learning but also improves validity, reliability and acceptability of assessments. Thus, blueprinting of undergraduate medical curriculum can help in actual execution of the Medical Council of India’s Competency-Based Medical Education programme.