scholarly journals Retained Water in the Commune of Gogounou in Benin: Inventory, Characterization and Management Mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Roger Masso Sourogou ◽  
Fabien. C. Hountondji
Keyword(s):  
Management Mode ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
Strategic Interest

Abstract The present work was carried out with the aim of knowing the characteristics and the management made of the agropastoral dams of the commune of Gogounou which are of a great utility for the local populations. To do this, twenty (20) dams were chosen according to the strategic interest that they present for the population, that is to say a polling rate of 87% on all the dams of the municipality. An inventory of the dams was made according to quantitative and qualitative indicators. The results showed the existence of (04) groups of dams according to the technical characteristics and some qualitative variables. The parameters that lead to the degradation of these dams are often related to the age and type of dam and the place of installation. Groups (2 and 4) are agropastoral dams (100%) and more than half of the dams are on flood sites. Results have also shown that there are management committees around all the dams in the commune of Gogounou, but which are mostly non-functional at almost 75%. Also, it has been found that the breeders are mostly transhumant and sedentary who use (100%) dams for watering animals. This cohabitation between farmers and pastoralists does not occur without major conflicts, in particular, that of land whose settlement is generally peaceful. In short, the management of the dams in the commune of Gogounou is a real challenge to be met for a better development, both economically and socially to guarantee the prosperity of the actors and prepare them to adapt to the vagaries of the climate future.

The Real Challenge of Plato's Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Russell E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
The Real ◽  
Central Aspect ◽  
Real Challenge

Glaucon's Challenge at the beginning of Book 2 of Plato's Republic has long prompted interpretive difficulties, due to a misunderstanding of its central aspect. The task of this essay is to correct that misunderstanding, at which point The Challenge can be seen to be as simple and powerful as Glaucon seems to think it is. The Challenge is simple, insofar as it requires Socrates to show that justice is always good, that one is always better off cultivating a just character and acting justly than otherwise (and that's all there is to it). And it is powerful, insofar as Glaucon and Adeimantus provide plausible reasons to think not simply that justice is not always good, but that fully developed injustice is always good.

Cultivating Ice over Time: On the Idea of Timeless Knowledge and Places in the Himalayas

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Indian Himalayas ◽  
Over Time

Assumptions that local communities have an endogenous capacity to adapt to climate change stemming from time-tested knowledge and an inherent sense of community that prompts mobilisation are becoming increasingly common in material produced by international organisations. This discourse, which relies on ahistorical and apolitical conceptions of localities and populations, is based on ideas of timeless knowledge and places. Analysing the water-place nexus in Ladakh, in the Indian Himalayas, through a close study of glacier practices as they change over time, the article argues that local knowledge is subject to change and must be analysed in light of changing conceptions and experiences of place by the state and by local populations alike.

Agreement between Two Commonly Used Pulp Tests in Determining Pulp Vitality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazeen Zehra
Keyword(s):  
Cold Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Tingling Sensation ◽  
Pulp Vitality

Background: The pulp tissue is confined within hard tissue boundaries and cannot be examined directly for health evaluation. Hence, its assessment is usually based on sensibility tests. Accurate diagnosis of the pulpal status requires evaluation with combination of sensibility tests. The objective of this study was to assess the mutual agreement between the electric pulp test and cold test in determining pulp vitality. Methods: Total 106 patients, aged 18 to 30 years, attending the dental OPD of Operative Dentistry/Endodontics department; Dr. Ishrat-ul-Ibad Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi were selected for the study. The cold and electric pulp tests were used to determine the presence or absence of tingling sensation. Teeth were marked as vital in presence and non-vital in absence of any tingling or painful response. Agreement between these two tests was calculated using SPSS-18. To calculate the mean and standard deviation, descriptive statistics were applied for quantitative variables. For qualitative variables, frequencies and percentages were calculated. Kappa statistics was applied for agreement between electric pulp and cold test. Results: The cold test showed that 70.8% of the teeth were vital and 29.2% were necrotic. The electrical pulp test showed that 74.5% were vital and 25.5% were necrotic. The outcome showed 83.0% agreement between the tests; with kappa value of 0.574 which provided sufficient agreement with p-value=0.000. Conclusion: There was a high agreement found between the cold test and electric pulp test. Assessment of pulp vitality would be more accurate when EPT and Endo frost are used in combination.

World of van der Waals Species

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1475
Author(s):  
Pavel Hobza ◽  
Rudolf Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Quantum Chemical ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Real Challenge

Van der Waals species (molecules, ions, radicals) attract the attention of chemists, chemical physicists and molecular biologists. Study of these systems presents a real challenge for both experimentalists and theorists. The main features of the contemporary possibilities for quantum chemical treatment are illustrated mostly on systems studied in the authors' laboratory. Prospects in the area are briefly outlined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document