Trauma societies and their characteristics: Between evolution and revolution

Abstract The development of civilization at the present stage is faced with a phenomenon that is still poorly studied and lítde known, which we call the trauma of’ society. The fact is that significant, special and specific events are taking place in the world that caunot be defined and qualified in the old terms of evolution and revolution, which describe and reflect the changes that are taking place. Currently, there are 53 states that, according to the World Bank, that have been or are ina state of chaotic, unbalanced and turbulent development for a long period. This state allows us to state that along with the main recognized development paths -revolution and evolution - ia the modern worldthere ls such a specific phenomenonas trauma society. Ítis showa how the concept oftrauma acquired a social sound, and how itwas interpreted in the scientific literature, 20d to what extent was reflected ia political vocabulary. The author refers as trauma societies to countries tbat have stagnated for along time io their development orare ioa state of recession andlose their previously achieved milestones. The article reveals the essential characteristics of a trauma society, the reasons for its occurrence, and the consequences of its functioning. Particular attention is paid to Russia, which, according to the author, can be described as trauma aud injured society, since in its development, having rejected the socialist past, it did not reach the Achievements from which it began its way in 1991. At the same time, transformations carried out for more than a quarter of a century forra a raosaic in which it is difficult/impossible to distinguish between evolutionary and revolutionarv treads. In this regard, an analysis of the obstacies that are not overcome for the iniplementationofa truly democratic, eficiently functioning society is given.

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Trauma Societies and their Characteristics

HUMANITIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA ◽

10.19181/2227-8656.2020.1.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 30-50

Author(s):

Zhan T. Toshchenko

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

The State ◽

Present Stage ◽

Community Based ◽

The World Bank ◽

Significant Events ◽

Trauma Society ◽

The World ◽

Long Time ◽

Expert Community

The development of civilization at the present stage faced with a phenomenon that is still poorly studied and little known, which we call trauma society. The fact is that meaningful, prominent and significant events are taking place in the world, which cannot be defined and qualified in the previous terms – evolution and revolution, which describe and reflect the current changes. At present, there are 53 States that, according to the world Bank, have been or are in a state of chaotic, unbalanced and turbulent development for a long period of time. Countries that are stagnating in their development for a long time or are in a state of recession and are losing previously achieved milestones are considered to be trauma societies. Special attention is paid to Russia, which, according to the author, can be attributed to traumatizes societies, since in its development, having rejected the socialist past, it did not reach the boundaries from which it began its journey. At the same time, the transformations that have been taking place for more than a quarter of a century form a mosaic in which it is difficult/impossible to distinguish between evolutionary and revolutionary trends. In this regard, an analysis of the obstacles that have not been overcome for the implementation of a truly democratic, effectively functioning society is given. The analysis of the state of trauma societies carried out in the scientific and expert community, based on the practice of successfully developing countries, allows us to determine ways out of the state of traumatized society.

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The African Crisis: Alternative Development Strategies for the Continent

Alternatives Global Local Political ◽

10.1177/030437548300900106 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 111-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Timothy M. Shaw

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Economic Recession ◽

Alternative Strategies ◽

The World Bank ◽

Self Reliance ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Collective Self ◽

The World ◽

Divergent Development ◽

Development Paths

Africa is currently undergoing a crisis characterized by economic recession, political decline, and social tension which will have grave international as well as national and regional consequences. The World Bank and the Organization of Africa Unity (OAU) have proposed divergent development paths for the continent that must be evaluated in light of this crisis. The World Bank, as outlined in its Agenda for Action, favors externally-oriented development whereas the OAU in its Lagos Plan of Action calls for collective self reliance. This article reviews the debate framed by these two alternative strategies and examines the implications for both Africa and the industralized world. In doing so, it discusses which African and Northern interests are likely to favor increased external interaction and continued dependence (the World Bank Agenda) and which prefer disengagement and increased intra-regional relationships (OAU Lagos Plan). The author draws distinctions between the development priorities of the minority “semi-peripheral” countries such as Nigeria, Kenya and Egypt and the majority “peripheral” states such as Zambia and Senegal: the former being more externally-oriented than the latter. The countries also differ on the degree of self-reliance they seek. Another important factor is related to the recent emergence of a variety of bourgeois classes-national, bureaucratic, military—who, having more propertied interests than the disadvantaged proletarian classes, may prefer the lassez-faire Agenda over the more structured Plan. This divisive dynamic is in turn exacerbated by rivalries between various Center factions.

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THE STUDY REGARDING CORRUPTION CARRIED OUT BY THE WORLD BANK

Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences ◽

10.15837/aijjs.v8i1.959 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

William Gabriel Brînză

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

Fundamental Rights ◽

Member States ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Long Period ◽

The World Bank ◽

The World ◽

Elaboration Process

For a long period of time, corruption was accepted as being an inevitable fact of life.Corruption in the 27 EU member states undermines citizens' fundamental rights, goodgovernance and the rule of law. In 2000, the World Bank carried out a study about corruptionat the request of the Romanian Government. The elaboration process and the implementationof an anticorruption strategy depend on the state’s politics and priorities.

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