scholarly journals Effect of Aging and Exercise Training on Plasma Insulin Concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-342
Author(s):  
Rucsandra Dănciulescu Miulescu ◽  
Denisa Margină ◽  
Roxana Corina Sfetea ◽  
Diana Păun ◽  
Cătălina Poiană
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Insulin Levels

Abstract Background and Aims. Previous studies have shown that aging is an important risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The beneficial effects of exercise on glucose metabolism are well known. Our goal was to examine whether physical activity improves insulin levels in older individuals. Material and Methods. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured in fasting state and 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in young lean, sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (n=34, age 25±2 years, body mass index- BMI 24.4±0.7 kg/m2) and older, lean, sedentary, non-diabetic subjects (n=36, age 75±3 years, BMI 24.8±0.4 kg/m2), before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise. Training consisted of exercise (such as cycling or fast walking) 5 days/week for approximately 30 min/day. Results. Fasting plasma insulin and 2-h serum insulin levels at baseline were significantly higher in older than young subjects (11.6 μU/ml vs 10.0 μU/ml, p=0.0001, 46.3 μU/ml vs 34.0 μU/ml, p=0.0001). Fasting and 2h plasma insulin levels were reduced after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise in older subjects, with no change in body weight. Conclusion. In our study the hyperinsulinemia associated with aging can be blunted significantly by aerobic exercise in older individuals independent of any changes in body composition

Aerobic exercise training and improved neuropsychological function of older individuals

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Dustman ◽  
Robert O. Ruhling ◽  
Ewan M. Russell ◽  
Donald E. Shearer ◽  
H.William Bonekat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Older Individuals

SERUM AND URINE INSULIN IN LATE PREGNANCY AND IN A FEW PREGNANT LATENT DIABETICS

1967 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRIS M. TRAYNER ◽  
T. A. WELBORN ◽  
A. H. RUBENSTEIN ◽  
T. RUSSELL FRASER
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pregnant State ◽  
Insulin Like Activity

SUMMARY As measured both by immunoassay and bioassay during a glucose tolerance test (50 g.) on ten subjects in the third trimester of pregnancy, the serum insulin levels fasting, 1 and 2 hr. after glucose were raised at least threefold compared with the levels in 23 non-pregnant women. The renal clearance of immunoassayable insulin was lower than that in the non-pregnant state (the mean in the pregnant subjects was 0·18 ml./min. compared with 0·45 ml./min. in the normal non-pregnant subjects). In the same subjects the mean serum non-suppressible insulin-like activity, which is unaltered by oral glucose, was 1·5 times higher than the non-pregnant mean level, but this difference was not significant. Four pregnant latent diabetics, tested similarly in the latter part of pregnancy, showed even higher fasting serum insulin levels than the normal pregnant subjects, but a lessened response to the same glucose load.

Exercise and Prediabetes after Renal Transplantation (EXPRED): Protocol Description

Nephron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Raúl Morales Febles ◽  
Natalia Negrín Mena ◽  
Ana Elena Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Laura Díaz Martín ◽  
Federico González Rinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Reversible Condition

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent and severe complication after renal transplantation. In fact, PTDM is a risk factor for both infection and cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and incidence of PTDM have a bimodal evolution: early (up to 3 months) and late PTDM (beyond 12 months). The majority of late PTDM occurs in subjects with prediabetes after transplantation. So, treating patients with prediabetes, a potentially reversible condition, might help preventing PTDM. In the general population, exercise prevents the evolution from prediabetes to diabetes. However, in renal transplantation, not enough evidence is available in this field. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> We designed an exploratory analysis to evaluate the feasibility of exercise to reverse prediabetes as a first step in the design of a trial to prevent PTDM. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Only patients with prediabetes beyond 12 months after transplantation with capacity to perform exercise will be included. Prediabetes will be diagnosed based on fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). Patients will be treated with a stepped training intervention, starting with aerobic exercise training (brisk walking, swimming, and cycling) 5 times per week and 30 min/day. Aerobic exercise training will be gradually increased to 60 min/day or eventually combined with anaerobic exercise training in case of persistent prediabetes. The reversibility/persistence of prediabetes will be measured with fasting glucose and OGTTs every 3 months. This study will last for 12 months.

Influence of the interleukin-6 −174 G/C gene polymorphism on exercise training-induced changes in glucose tolerance indexes

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1338-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. McKenzie ◽  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Ioana A. Ghiu ◽  
Onanong Kulaputana ◽  
Dana A. Phares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Induced Changes

A polymorphism in the IL-6 gene, a G-to-C substitution 176 bp upstream of the ATG translation initiation site, has been associated with diabetes prevalence and insulin resistance. Interventions including exercise training are frequently used to modify cardiovascular disease risk factors. Consequently, this project examined associations between the IL-6 −174 genotype and oral glucose tolerance test outcomes in 50- to 75-yr-old sedentary men and postmenopausal women before and after aerobic exercise training. Among the 87 individuals who started the study, 56 were retested after 6 mo of aerobic exercise training. Subject characteristics at baseline did not differ between the IL-6 genotype groups with the exception of fasting glucose, which was higher ( P = 0.02, covariates age, gender, and ethnicity) in the CC genotype group. The training-induced change in glucose area under the curve during the oral glucose tolerance test varied between the IL-6 −174 genotype groups ( P = 0.05, covariates age, gender, ethnicity, baseline glucose area under the curve, and percent body fat change) with a significant decrease occurring only in the GG genotype group. Insulin outcomes did not differ among the groups at baseline or after training. Training-induced changes in weight, percent body fat, maximal oxygen consumption, fasting glucose, and an insulin sensitivity index also changed similarly among the genotype groups. In conclusion, fasting glucose and the extent to which glucose tolerance changes with exercise training may be influenced by the IL-6 −174 gene polymorphism.

scholarly journals Short-term aerobic exercise training in type 2 diabetes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Monica L. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mixed Meal

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide problem, and people with T2D have impaired postprandial glycemia (PPG). While current pharmaceutical therapies are targeted to reduce glycosylated hemoglobin and may not be effective in improving PPG, exercise is an effective treatment to enhance postprandial glycemic control in patients with T2D. As little as seven days of aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce PPG, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are not understood. Further, the assessment of PPG generally is done using a non-physiological glucose overload uncharacteristic of normal human feeding. Thus, the primary aims of this dissertation were: 1) to identify tissues contributing to changes in glycemic control after short-term exercise training and identify the systemic mechanisms by which exercise improves overall PPG in patients with T2D, and 2) to determine if a mixed meal tolerance test is a more valid tool for assessing improvements in glycemic control following exercise training than the standard oral glucose tolerance test in T2D. Our findings support that improved insulin sensitivity is an early adaptation of exercise training, but we did not see improvements in overall PPG in the sample studied. We also found that a mixed meal test is an effective alternative to the oral glucose tolerance test in assessing differences in PPG. Collectively, when viewed in the presence of the existing literature, these data suggest that while exercise training is ultimately known to enhance postprandial glycemic control, and testing this with a mixed meal test is a viable alternative to the current oral glucose tolerance test, subjects with T2D have variable responses and may not always see improvements in PPG following one week of aerobic exercise training.

Abstract 17235: Attenuation of NPR-C Binding With Muscle-Derived Musclin is Related to Reduced Cardiovascular Disease Risks by Aerobic Exercise Training in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Toyama ◽  
Natsuki Hasegawa ◽  
Naoki Horii ◽  
Kenichiro Inoue ◽  
Keiko Iemitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Glut4 Translocation ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
C Protein ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Introduction: Aerobic exercise training (AT) in type 2 diabetic patients reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks, such as an impairment of NO-derived vasodilation mediated by obese and hyperinsulinemia. Musclin is a muscle-derived myokine and binds to natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C). Elevation of circulating musclin level deteriorates of insulin resistance. Furthermore, musclin-induced vasocontraction mediated by NPR-C leads to increase in blood pressures. However, the effect of AT on muscle-derived musclin secretion in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Hypothesis: This study aimed to clarify whether AT-induced attenuations of muscle-derived musclin secretion and arterial NPR-C expression levels are related to reduction of CVD risks in type 2 diabetes rats. Methods: Twenty 20-week-old male type 2 diabetic (OLETF) rats were randomly divided into two groups; 8-week sedentary control and aerobic exercise training (treadmill running for 60min at 25m/min, 5days/week) (n=7 each group) and seven male LETO rats used as healthy sedentary control. After 8 weeks, we measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, an index of arterial stiffness), QUICKI (an index of insulin sensitivity), plasma and muscle musclin levels and GLUT4 translocation levels, arterial NPR-C protein expression. Results: In sedentary diabetic rats, cfPWV, serum insulin and muscle musclin levels, and arterial NPR-C protein expression increased, and QUICKI decreased as compared to healthy sedentary rats (each p<0.05). However, no significant circulating musclin level between sedentary and exercised diabetic rats was observed. In contrast, aerobic exercise training in the diabetic rats induced elevation of QUICKI and reduction of cfPWV, serum insulin, muscle musclin, and arterial NPR-C levels (each p<0.05). NPR-C protein level was positively correlated with cfPWV (r=0.43, p=0.09). Additionally, muscle musclin levels was significantly negatively correlated with muscle GLUT4 translocation (r=-0.78, p<0.01) and QUICKI (r=-0.82, p<0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that attenuation of arterial NPR-C expression and muscle-derived musclin secretion is related to reductions of arterial stiffness and hyperinsulinemia by AT in type 2 diabetic rats.

Distinct effects of aerobic exercise training and weight loss on glucose homeostasis in obese sedentary men

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Dengel ◽  
R. E. Pratley ◽  
J. M. Hagberg ◽  
E. M. Rogus ◽  
A. P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Oral Glucose

The decline in glucose homeostasis with aging may be due to the physical deconditioning and obesity that often develop with aging. The independent and combined effects of aerobic exercise training (AEX) and weight loss (WL) on glucose metabolism were studied in 47 nondiabetic sedentary older men. There were 14 men in a weekly behavioral modification/WL program, 10 in a 3 times/wk AEX program, 14 in an AEX+WL program, and 9 in the control (Con) group. The 10-mo intervention increased maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in both the AEX and AEX+WL groups [0.33 +/- 0.05 and 0.37 +/- 0.09 (SE) l/min, respectively], but VO2max did not significantly change in the WL (0.01 +/- 0.06 l/min) and Con groups (-0.04 +/- 0.05 l/min; P > 0.05). The AEX+WL and WL groups had comparable reductions in body weight (-8.5 +/- 0.9 and -8.8 +/- 1.2 kg, respectively) and percent fat (-5.5 +/- 0.7 and -5.9 +/- 1.1%, respectively) that were significantly greater than those in the Con and AEX groups. Oral glucose tolerance tests showed significant reductions in insulin responses in the AEX, WL, and AEX+WL groups, but the decrease in insulin response in the AEX+WL group was significantly greater than that in the other three groups. The glucose area decreased significantly in the WL and AEX+WL groups but did not change in the Con or AEX groups. There were significant increases in insulin-mediated glucose disposal rates as measured by the hyperinsulinemic (600 pmol.m-2.min-1) euglycemic clamps in the AEX and AEX+WL groups [1.66 +/- 0.50 and 1.76 +/- 0.41 mg.kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1.min-1, respectively] that were significantly greater than those in the WL (0.13 +/- 0.31 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1) and Con groups (-0.05 +/- 0.51 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1; n = 5). These data suggest that AEX and WL improve glucose metabolism through different mechanisms and that the combined intervention of AEX+WL is necessary to improve both glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in older men.

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