Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of vitellogenesis and the vitellocytes of the bothriocephalidean cestode Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819), a parasite of the teleost fish Merluccius merluccius (L., 1758) (Gadiformes, Merlucciidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Świderski ◽  
David Gibson ◽  
Adji Marigo ◽  
Eulàlia Delgado ◽  
Jordi Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Merluccius Merluccius ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Glycogen Particles ◽  
Mature Vitellocytes ◽  
Clestobothrium Crassiceps

AbstractVitellogenesis and vitellocytes of the bothriocephalidean cestode Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819), a parasite of the teleost fish Merluccius merluccius (L., 1758), were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cytochemistry. During vitellogenesis, four developmental stages were distinguished at the TEM level: (I) a stem cell stage of the gonial type; (II) an early differentiation stage, predominantly exhibiting lipid and protein synthetic activity; (III) an advanced differentiation or vitellocyte maturation stage, primarily exhibiting active glycogenesis still accompanied by an increase in lipid accumulation; and (IV) a mature vitellocyte stage. Vitellogenesis involves: (1) an increase in cell volume; (2) an extensive development of parallel, frequently concentrically arranged, cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) that produce dense, proteinaceous shell-gobules; (3) the development of Golgi complexes engaged in the packaging of this material; (4) an accelerated accumulation of unsaturated and saturated lipid droplets, along with their continuous enlargement and fusion; (5) the formation of individual β-glycogen particles and α-glycogen rosettes and their accumulation in the form of glycogen islands scattered among lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of maturing and mature vitellocytes; and (6) the rapid accumulation of large, saturated lipid droplets accompanied by dense accumulations of α- and β-glycogen along with proteinaceous shell-globules or shell-globule clusters in the peripheral layer during the advanced stage of vitellocyte maturation. Vitellogenesis in C. crassiceps generally resembles that previously described for three other bothriocephalideans, but differs from that of other cestode orders. Cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiocarbazide-silver proteinate for glycogen indicates a strongly positive reaction for β-glycogen particles and α-glycogen rosettes, which form several large glycogen accumulations around the large, saturated lipid droplets of maturing and mature vitellocytes. Some hypotheses concerning the interrelationships between patterns of vitellogenesis, the possible modes of egg formation, embryonic development and life cycles in cestodes, and their phylogenetic implications are commented upon.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural and cytochemical study on vitellogenesis in the diphyllidean cestode Echinobothrium euterpes (Echinobothriidae) and its phylogenetical implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Świderski ◽  
John Mackiewicz ◽  
Catarina Eira ◽  
Jordi Miquel
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
Shell Globule ◽  
Glycogen Particles ◽  
Mature Vitellocytes

AbstractThe first description of vitellogenesis in the Diphyllidea is presented in this paper. Though the type of vitellogenesis and mature vitellocyte in Echinobothrium euterpes appear to be unique among the Eucestoda, however, they somewhat resemble that observed in the two orders of the lower cestodes, Tetraphyllidea and Proteocephalidea. Vitellocyte maturation is characterized by: (1) an increase in cell volume; (2) extensive development of short, parallel, frequently concentric cisternae of GER that produce dense proteinaceous granules; (3) development of Golgi complexes engaged in packaging this material; (4) progressive formation of saturated lipid droplets; their continuous enlargement and fusion; (5) formation of small accumulations of glycogen particles scattered between and among lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of maturing vitellocytes; (6) concentration of dense proteinaceous granules in the peripheral layer of cytoplasm, around the cell plasma membrane; and (7) vacuolization of cytoplasm of mature vitellocytes accompanied by a rapid increase in its volume. A new, unreported type of dense proteinaceous granules, situated around the limiting plasma membranes of mature vitellocytes, is described. Vitellogenesis evidently differs from that with typical shell-globules and shell-globule clusters previously reported in other taxa of lower cestodes. Cytochemical staining with periodic acidthiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate for glycogen indicates a strongly positive reaction for glycogen particles between and around large unsaturated lipid droplets of the maturing and mature vitellocytes. Some hypotheses concerning the interrelationship between this pattern of vitellogenesis, possible mode of egg formation, embryonic development and diphyllidean life cycle, and their phylogenetic implications are drawn and discussed.

Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on vitellogenesis in the trypanorhynch cestode Parachristianella trygonis Dollfus, 1946 (Eutetrarhynchidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Świderski ◽  
Jordi Miquel ◽  
Lassad Neifar ◽  
John Mackiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Carbohydrate Synthesis ◽  
Shell Globule ◽  
Differentiation Stage ◽  
Glycogen Particles

AbstractDuring vitellogenesis in Parachristianella trygonis Trypanorhyncha, Eutetrarhynchidae) we distinguished four stages: (1) gonial or stem cell stage; (2) early differentiation stage concentrated on protein synthetic activity and shell-globule formation; (3) advanced differentiation stage with main cell activity concentrated on carbohydrate synthesis (glycogenesis) and massive glycogen storage in the form of α-glycogen rosettes and β-glycogen particles; and finally (4) mature vitellocyte stage. Early vitellocyte maturation is characterised by: (1) an increase in cell volume; (2) extensive development of large, parallel cisternae of GER that produce proteinaceous granules; (3) development of Golgi complexes engaged in packaging this material; (4) continuous enlargement of proteinaceous granules within vacuoles and their transformation into shell-globule clusters composed of heterogeneous material. Cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate for polysaccharides indicated a strongly positive reaction for the presence of α-glycogen rosettes and β-glycogen particles in the advanced stage of vitellocyte maturation. Both protein synthesis for shell-globule formation and carbohydrate synthesis or glycogenesis, important storage of nutritive reserves for the developing embryos, observed during cytodifferentiation of P. trygonis vitellocytes overlap in time to some extent. Mature vitelline cells are very rich in three types of cell inclusions accumulated in large amounts in their cytoplasm: (1) shell-globule clusters, playing an important role in egg-shell formation; (2) numerous large lipid droplets, as well as a high accumulation of lipid and α-glycogen rosettes and β-glycogen particles that undoubtedly represent important nutritive reserves for the developing embryos. Despite the fact that the type of vitellogenesis and ultrastructure of the mature vitellocyte in P. trygonis appears to differ to some extent from those of three other trypanorhynch species, its general pattern and ultrastructure greatly resembles those observed in other lower cestodes. Factors that may have contributed to the qualitative and quantitative variation in lipids during vitellogenesis among the four species of Trypanorhyncha, are identified and discussed.

scholarly journals Reinvestigation of vitellogenesis in Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea, Caryophyllaeidae), monozoic tapeworm of Abramis brama (Pisces, Teleostei)

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bruňanská ◽  
P. Drobníková ◽  
J. Mackiewicz ◽  
J. Nebesářová
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Lamellar Bodies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Perinuclear Cytoplasm ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Mature Vitellocytes

AbstractReinvestigation of vitellogenesis in the caryophyllidean cestode Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Pallas, 1781) has been performed using light microscope (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate (PA-TSC-SP) for glycogen. Vitellogenesis is generally similar to that reported in the past, however, some new observations were made. The present study reveals the first evidence of: (i) interstitial tissue in the vitelline follicles, (ii) lipid droplets in maturing and mature vitellocytes from vitelline follicles, and (iii) lamellar bodies in vitellocytes from the vitelloduct in C. laticeps. Projections of interstitial tissue surround each vitellocyte and the follicle periphery. The perinuclear cytoplasm of the interstitial tissue contains granular endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles of various size and density. Cytoplasmic osmiophobic lipid droplets and lamellar bodies, previously believed to be absent in most caryophyllid cestodes, are readily apparent in vitellocytes of C. laticeps. The origin and presumed function of these inclusions are discussed. On the other hand, the formation and storage of massive amounts of glycogen in the nucleus and large amounts in the cytoplasm of mature vitelline cells are similar to the condition found in other caryophyllids. Results are compared and contrasted with previous studies on vitellogenesis in other monopleuroid cestodes (Amphilinidea and Gyrocotylidea) as well as polypleuroid cestodes (Spathebothriidea) and the remaining strobilated Eucestoda.

Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on vitellogenesis in trypanorhynch cestode Dollfusiella spinulifera Beveridge, Neifar et Euzet, 2004 (Eutetrarhynchidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Świderski ◽  
Jordi Miquel ◽  
Daniel Młocicki ◽  
Lassad Neifar ◽  
Barbara Grytner-Zięcina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Lipids ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Large Vesicle ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Shell Globule ◽  
Trypanorhynch Cestode ◽  
Flocculent Material ◽  
Glycogen Particles

AbstractThe first description of vitellogenesis in the Trypanorhyncha is presented in this paper. Though the type of vitellogenesis and mature vitellocyte in Dollfusiella spinulifera appear to be unique among the Eucestoda, to some extent they resemble that observed in the lower cestodes, namely the Tetraphyllidea and Pseudophyllidea. Maturation is characterized by: (1) an increase in cell volume; (2) extensive development of large, parallel, frequently concentric cisternae of GER that produce proteinaceous granules; (3) development of Golgi complexes engaged in packaging this material; (4) continuous enlargement of proteinaceous granules within vesicles and their transformation into shell globule clusters; and (5) progressive fusion of all vesicles, with flocculent material containing the proteinaceous granules and shell globule clusters, into a single very large vesicle that characterises mature vitellocytes of this tapeworm. Cell inclusions in and around the large vesicle consist of flocculent material of a very low density, a few shell globule clusters, moderately dense proteinaceous granules and numerous large droplets of unsaturated lipids. A new previously unreported mode of transformation of proteinaceous granules into shell globule clusters, that evidently differs from that of pseudophyllideans and tetraphyllideans, is described. Cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate for polysaccharides indicates a strongly positive reaction for membrane-bound glycoproteins in all membranous structures such as GER, mitochondria, Golgi complexes, nuclear and cell plasma membranes. Similar staining revealed β-glycogen particles scattered in the cytoplasm of maturing vitellocytes. Typical cytoplasmic β-glycogen particles appear mainly during early vitellocyte maturation but it is characteristic for this species that they are only seldom visible in mature cells. Some working hypotheses concerning the interrelationship between this particular pattern of vitellogensis, possible mode of egg formation in D. spinulifera, its embryonic development and trypanorhynchean life cycle, are drawn and discussed.

Is Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Involved in Hepatic Glycogen Synthesis in the Fetal Mouse?

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
Joanette S. Breslin ◽  
Robert R. Cardell
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Glycogen Deposition ◽  
Glycogen Particles

Considerable evidence suggests that hepatic smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) functions in both glycogen deposition and depletion and is closely associated with glycogen particles during both processes in the adult rodent liver. In this study we have investigated the time course of hepatic glycogen deposition and examined the association of SER with glycogen particles during fetal glycogen synthesis, i.e., from day 15 to day 19 of gestation (plug day = day 1).Livers were removed from fetal ICR mice and processed for either light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) or biochemical determination of glycogen. Biochemical analysis of glycogen concentrations in each liver revealed an average of 0.1% glycogen in day 15 and day 16 fetal livers, 0.6% in those from day 17, 2.0% on day 18 and nearly 5.0% by day 19. Light microscopic analysis of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stained semi-thin (1.0μm) sections confirmed the presence of increasing amounts of glycogen beginning on day 16 and reaching a maximum on day 19 of gestation.

Identification of Glycogen in Thin Sections of Amphibian Embryos

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
MARGARET M. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Staining Method ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Enzymic Digestion ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Schiff Reaction ◽  
Glycogen Particles

Embryonic amphibian cells when examined with the electron microscope were observed to contain an abundance of small particles, approximately 325 Å in diameter. The periodic acid/Schiff reaction and enzymic digestion were employed to determine the nature of the particles, and from the results of these tests they were concluded to be glycogen. Treatment of thin sections with periodic acid/lead citrate solutions resulted in a marked increase in contrast of the glycogen particles compared with other cell structures, and in a clearly defined substructure of 40-Å grains appearing within the particles. This differential staining method enabled the particulate glycogen to be distinguished from ribosomes.

Smooth Muscular Cells in the Mammalian Ovary

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Z. Fumagalli ◽  
P. Motta ◽  
S. Calvieri
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Cortical Area ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Stroma ◽  
Theca Interna ◽  
Glycogen Particles

The presence of smooth muscular cells was demonstrated with the electron microscope in different areas of the ovary of cats, mice and rabbits. The myocytes were arranged in fascicles, small groups, or most frequently appeared isolated. They were scattered in the ovarian stroma, related to the interstitial cells, in the periphery of the corpora lutea (rarely between luteal cells) in the middle of the gland. Smooth muscular cells were seldom observed between cells of the theca interna and externa of developing follicles and in the middle of atresic follicles. Some smooth muscular cells were found in the cortical area of the ovaries.Each smooth muscular cell showed typical filaments, free ribosomes, lipid droplets and at times glycogen particles. Mitochondria were vesicular; the (Golgi) vesicular complex was often related to two centrioles (frequently in a process of ciliogenesis). The granular endoplasmic reticulum was moderately developed. The plasma membrane presented invaginations and micropinocytotic vesicles as well as tight junctions between adjacent cells. The nucleus was elongated and its envelope formed wide perinuclear cisternae.

Ultrastructure of vitellocytes in the cestode Progrillotia pastinacae Dollfus, 1946 (Trypanorhyncha, Progrillotiidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Świderski ◽  
Jordi Miquel ◽  
Daniel Młocicki ◽  
Lassad Neifar ◽  
Barbara Grytner-Zięcina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Perinuclear Cytoplasm ◽  
Vitelline Cells ◽  
Shell Globule ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Trypanorhynch Cestode ◽  
Mature Vitellocytes

AbstractThe present study describes the ultrastructure of mature vitellocytes of the trypanorhynch cestode Progrillotia pastinacae Dollfus, 1946 (Progrillotiidae), a parasite of the common stingray Dasyatis pastinaca (Linnaeus, 1758) (Dasyatidae). The vitelline cells of this species measure about 24 μm in length and about 20 μm in width. They have small, elongated, slightly lobulated nuclei, about 4–5 μm in length, with large dense elongated nucleoli and numerous irregularly-shaped dense clumps of heterochromatin. The extensive cytoplasm is rich in numerous cell organelles and cell inclusions. While the perinuclear cytoplasm contains numerous long parallel cisternae of GER, ribo-and polyribosomes, several Golgi complexes and mitochondria, the peripheral cytoplasm contains predominantly three types of cell inclusions: a great number of large lipid droplets, several shell globule clusters, and a very small amount of glycogen-like particles. The most characteristic features of vitellocytes in P. pastinacae are having almost no traces of glycogen and the great number of large, highly osmiophobic lipid droplets representing saturated fatty acids. The presence of large amounts of lipids also in two other trypanorhynchs, Grillotia erinaceus (Beneden, 1858) Guiart, 1927 and Dollfusiella spinulifera (Beveridge et Jones, 2000) Beveridge, Neifar et Euzet, 2004, is in strong contrast to the condition in the most evolved cestodes, Cyclophyllidea, that usually show no trace of lipids.

A Comparative Study of Three Methods for the Ultrastructural Demonstration of Glycogen in Thin Sections

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-749
Author(s):  
M. V. VYE ◽  
D. A. FISCHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Particle Form ◽  
Sequential Combination ◽  
Second Procedure ◽  
Glycogen Particles

In order to evaluate 3 staining methods for demonstration of glycogen in thin sections, 2 tissues containing an abundance of this carbohydrate in β-particle form were studied. Tissues were aldehyde-fixed, postfixed in osmium tetroxide, embedded in Araldite and sectioned in the usual manner without special precautions. The first method for staining thin sections employed a sequential combination of periodic acid, thiosemicarbazide and osmium tetroxide vapour, while in the second procedure a silver protein solution was substituted for the osmium tetroxide vapour. The third technique utilized periodic acid, sodium chlorite and uranyl acetate, also in sequential combination. Each method yielded glycogen particles of greater electron density than were seen in sections stained by the usual uranyl acetate-lead citrate procedure. Under high magnification, considerable method-dependent variation in the appearance of the glycogen granules was noted. Particulate substructure, only faintly visible in routinely stained sections, was easily resolved with the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver protein technique. Conversely, periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-osmium tetroxide completely obscured this substructure. With periodic acid-sodium chlorite-uranyl acetate, glycogen particles appeared larger, more confluent, and of a less regular outline than with the other methods. Sections were also stained by incubation in periodic acid prior to treatment with lead citrate. The alteration in appearance of the glycogen granules produced by this modification was so great that high-resolution analysis of particle size and substructure could not be undertaken. The usefulness of the procedures investigated here resides in their ability to stain glycogen in thin sections in an intense and selective manner.

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