Les tumeurs de Krukenberg de l'ovaire d'origine rectale

Krukenberg tumors (TK) define themselves as ovarian metastases from cancer more often digestive. These are rare tumors that represent 1 to 2% of ovarian tumors. They are characterized by the presence of “kitten ring” cells filled with mucus and a pseudo-sarcomatous proliferation of the ovarian stroma. Their evolution is quickly fatal. We report 1 case of Krukenberg tumor observed and operated on in June 2020 at the surgery Department B CHU Constantine. The symptoms began with a rectal syndrome with transient episodes of pelvic pain. In this regard, we will recall the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics of this disease. Keywords: Krukenberg tumor, rectal cancer, ovarian metastases, synchronous tumors, posterior pelvectomy.

Mucinous Cystadenoma of the Ovary Associated with Hyperplasia of Stromal Leydig Cells in Pregnant Woman

Background: The hormonally induced non-neoplastic lesions of ovarian stroma during pregnancy must be recognized by pathologist in order to avoid mistaking them for true tumors. Case report: A 28-year-old woman was delivered of a healthy infant by cesarean section. As an incidental finding, a multicystic tumor in the left ovary was found and resected. Histopathology was consistent with benign mucinous cystadenoma. In addition, within the stroma beneath the lining mucinous epithelium, a dense population of cohesive polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, typically resembling the Leydig cells, was seen. They were uniform without atypia, accompaning by minimal proliferative activity. They strongly expressed vimentin, inhibin, CD99 and calretinin. The final diagnosis of mucinous cystadenoma associated with hyperplasia of stromal Leydig cells was made. Conclusions: Leydig cell hyperplasia belongs to the specific changes of ovarian stroma associated with pregnancy. The present case stresses that in such situation the pathologists should be aware of it and not confuse it with a tumor.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its mimetic FTY720 do not protect against radiation-induced ovarian fibrosis in the nonhuman primate

Oocytes are highly radiosensitive, so agents that prevent radiation-induced ovarian follicle destruction are important fertility preservation strategies. A previous study in rhesus macaques demonstrated that ovarian treatment with anti-apoptotic agents, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and FTY720, its long-acting mimetic, preserved follicles following a single dose of 15 Gy X-ray radiation, and live offspring were obtained from FTY720-treated animals. However, it is unknown whether these anti-apoptotic agents also protected the ovarian stroma from late effects of radiation, including vascular damage and fibrosis. Using ovarian histological sections from this study, we evaluated the vasculature and extracellular matrix in the following cohorts: vehicle + sham irradiation, vehicle + irradiation (OXI), S1P + irradiation (S1P), and FTY720 + irradiation (FTY720). One ovary from each animal was harvested prior to radiation whereas the contralateral ovary was harvested 10 months post-treatment. We assessed vasculature by immunohistochemistry with a PECAM1 antibody, hyaluronan by a hyaluronan binding protein assay, and collagen by picrosirius red and Masson’s trichrome staining. Disorganized vessels were observed in the medulla in the OXI and S1P cohorts relative to the sham, but the vasculature in the FTY720 cohort appeared intact, which may partially explain fertoprotection. There were no differences in the hyaluronan matrix among the cohorts, but there was thickening of the tunica albuginea and fibrosis in the OXI cohort relative to the sham, which was not mitigated by either S1P or FTY720 treatment. Thus, the fertoprotective properties of S1P and FTY720 may be limited given their inability to protect the ovarian stroma against the late effects of radiation-induced fibrosis.

Multiple bilateral dermoid cysts with ectopic pregnancy: a rare case report

Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid) is a common ovarian neoplasm but less frequently occurs bilaterally specially with ectopic pregnancy. It poses challenge in management in a young woman with history of infertility where preservation of ovarian stroma takes the priority. Here presented case of 30-year-old para 0, gravida 1 women who was diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy with history of infertility of 4 years. She underwent laparotomy where salpingectomy was done owing to tubal rupture. Dermoid cyst was removed simultaneously. When both ovaries were palpated, three more dermoids were found and taken off as well. Earlier ovulation induction was given before adhesions take upper hand and patient was pregnant in first cycle.

Cysts and cystoms of the ovary

Ovarian neoplasms from an anatomical point of view are divided into two large groups: epithelial formations and formations of a number of connective tissue, depending on whether the parenchyma or the ovarian stroma is involved in their development. The former include cysts, cystomas, endotheliomas and cancers, while the latter include fibromas, sarcomas, and very rare angiomas, fibroids, enchondromas and osteomas. The sources of the development of ovarian tumors can sometimes also serve as formations that do not actually belong either to its parenchyma or to its stroma, but are only the remnants of organs previously existing during embryonic life that were located next to it. With the passage of time, these organs atrophy and sometimes only appear to have preserved their parts, entering through the hylus ovarii far into its stroma.

The ovarian stroma as a new frontier

Historically, research in ovarian biology has focused on folliculogenesis, but recently the ovarian stroma has become an exciting new frontier for research, holding critical keys to understanding complex ovarian dynamics. Ovarian follicles, which are the functional units of the ovary, comprise the ovarian parenchyma, while the ovarian stroma thus refers to the inverse or the components of the ovary that are not ovarian follicles. The ovarian stroma includes more general components such as immune cells, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, as well as ovary-specific components including ovarian surface epithelium, tunica albuginea, intraovarian rete ovarii, hilar cells, stem cells, and a majority of incompletely characterized stromal cells including the fibroblast-like, spindle-shaped, and interstitial cells. The stroma also includes ovarian extracellular matrix components. This review combines foundational and emerging scholarship regarding the structures and roles of the different components of the ovarian stroma in normal physiology. This is followed by a discussion of key areas for further research regarding the ovarian stroma, including elucidating theca cell origins, understanding stromal cell hormone production and responsiveness, investigating pathological conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), developing artificial ovary technology, and using technological advances to further delineate the multiple stromal cell types.

A Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of microRNAs in Ovarian Stroma and Follicles of Chuanzhong Black Goat during Estrus

microRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in ovarian follicular maturity, but miRNA expression patterns in ovarian stroma (OS), large follicles (LF), and small follicles (SF) have been rarely explored. We herein aimed to identify miRNAs, their target genes and signaling pathways, as well as their interaction networks in OS, LF, and SF of Chuanzhong black goats at the estrus phase using small RNA-sequencing. We found that the miRNA expression profiles of LF and SF were more similar than those of OS—32, 16, and 29 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in OS vs. LF, OS vs. SF, and LF vs. SF, respectively. Analyses of functional enrichment and the miRNA-targeted gene interaction network suggested that miR-182 (SMC3), miR-122 (SGO1), and miR-206 (AURKA) were involved in ovarian organogenesis and hormone secretion by oocyte meiosis. Furthermore, miR-202-5p (EREG) and miR-485-3p (FLT3) were involved in follicular maturation through the MAPK signaling pathway, and miR-2404 (BMP7 and CDKN1C) played a key role in follicular development through the TGF-β signaling pathway and cell cycle; nevertheless, further research is warranted. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate miRNA expression patterns in OS, LF, and SF of Chuanzhong black goats during estrus. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to elucidate the role of miRNAs in follicular maturation. These key miRNAs might provide candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of follicular maturation and will assist in developing new therapeutic targets for female goat infertility.