Steam-reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Bshish ◽  
Zahira Yaakob ◽  
Binitha Narayanan ◽  
Resmi Ramakrishnan ◽  
Ali Ebshish
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Oxide Supports ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Selectivity

AbstractProduction of hydrogen by steam-reforming of ethanol has been performed using different catalytic systems. The present review focuses on various catalyst systems used for this purpose. The activity of catalysts depends on several factors such as the nature of the active metal catalyst and the catalyst support, the precursor used, the method adopted for catalyst preparation, and the presence of promoters as well as reaction conditions like the water-to-ethanol molar ratio, temperature, and space velocity. Among the active metals used to date for hydrogen production from ethanol, promoted-Ni is found to be a suitable choice in terms of the activity of the resulting catalyst. Cu is the most commonly used promoter with nickel-based catalysts to overcome the inactivity of nickel in the water-gas shift reaction. γ-Al2O3 support has been preferred by many researchers because of its ability to withstand reaction conditions. However, γ-Al2O3, being acidic, possesses the disadvantage of favouring ethanol dehydration to ethylene which is considered to be a source of carbon deposit found on the catalyst. To overcome this difficulty and to obtain the long-term catalyst stability, basic oxide supports such as CeO2, MgO, La2O3, etc. are mixed with alumina which neutralises the acidic sites. Most of the catalysts which can provide higher ethanol conversion and hydrogen selectivity were prepared by a combination of impregnation method and sol-gel method. High temperature and high water-to-ethanol molar ratio are two important factors in increasing the ethanol conversion and hydrogen selectivity, whereas an increase in pressure can adversely affect hydrogen production.

scholarly journals Sustainable Production of Hydrogen by Steam Reforming of Ethanol Using Cobalt Supported on Nanoporous Zeolitic Material

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934
Author(s):  
Javier Francisco da Costa-Serra ◽  
Maria Teresa Navarro ◽  
Fernando Rey ◽  
Antonio Chica
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Zeolite Y ◽  
Cobalt Catalysts ◽  
Coke Deposition ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Y Zeolite ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Selectivity

Cobalt catalysts supported on Y zeolite and mesoporized Y zeolite (Y-mod) have been studied in steam reforming of ethanol (SRE). Specifically, the effect of the mesoporosity and the acidity of the y zeolite as a support has been explored. Mesoporous were generated on Y zeolite by treatment with NH4F and the acidity was neutralized by Na incorporation. Four cobalt catalysts supported on Y zeolite have been prepared, two using Y zeolite without mesoporous (Co/Y, Co/Y-Na), and two using Y zeolite with mesoporous (Co/Y-mod and Co/Y-mod-Na). All catalysts showed a high activity, with ethanol conversion values close to 100%. The main differences were found in the distribution of the reaction products. Co/Y and Co/Y-mod catalysts showed high selectivity to ethylene and low hydrogen production, which was explained by their high acidity. On the contrary, neutralization of the acid sites could explain the higher hydrogen selectivity and the lower ethylene yields exhibited by the Co/Y-Na and Co/Y-mod-Na. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of these catalysts by XRD, BET surface area, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and TEM allowed to connect the presence of mesoporous with the formation of metallic cobalt particles with small size, high dispersion, and with high interaction with the zeolitic support, explaining the high reforming activity exhibited by the co/y-mod-Na sample as well as its higher hydrogen selectivity. It has been also observed that the formation of coke is affected by the presence of mesoporous and acidity. Both properties seem to have an opposite effect on the reforming catalyst, decreasing and increasing the coke deposition, respectively.

scholarly journals A highly efficient and stable Ni/SBA-15 catalyst for hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 146867831989184
Author(s):  
Xia An ◽  
Jia Ren ◽  
Weitao Hu ◽  
Xu Wu ◽  
Xianmei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Nickel Nitrate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Sulfamate ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

The production of hydrogen by steam reforming of ethanol was carried out on SBA-15-supported nano NiO catalyst synthesized by the equivalent-volume impregnation method with two different Ni sources (nickel nitrate and nickel sulfamate). The catalyst was characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to examine the physical and chemical properties. The activity tests were performed with the steam, with water/ethanol molar ratio ranging from 2:1 to 15:1, the N2 flow rate from 20 to 120 mL min−1 to determine the space-time, and the temperature range from 623 to 923 K on the two different Ni source catalysts. A favorable operating condition was established at 823 K using water/ethanol = 6 molar ratio and carrier gas (N2) flow of more than 50 mL min−1 for nickel nitrate source, but for nickel sulfamate source, the optimum temperature changed to 773 K and other conditions were the same as for the nickel nitrate source. After eliminating the influence of internal and external diffusion factors, an empirical power-law kinetic rate equation was derived from the experimental data. The non-linear regression method was used to estimate the kinetic parameter. The activation energy of the catalyst was then calculated, and the supported nickel nitrate and nickel sulfamate catalysts were 25.345 and 41.449 kJ mol−1, respectively, which was in agreement with the experimental and model-predicted results.

Hydrogen Production from Ethanol Steam Reforming Using Ce- and La- Modified Mesoporous MCM-41 Supported Nickel-Based Catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lida Rahmanzadeh ◽  
Majid Taghizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
Hydrogen Selectivity ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Mcm 41

Abstract Mesoporous MCM-41 containing different amounts of nickel (10, 15 and 20 wt%) and Ce and/or La promoters were prepared by hydrothermal and wet-impregnation methods. The catalysts were characterized by means of temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. Then, the catalysts were tested for hydrogen production via steam reforming of ethanol in a fixed bed reactor. Hydrogen selectivity and ethanol conversion over Ni/MCM-41 catalyst were 69.6 % and 94 %, respectively. The best catalytic results were obtained with Ce-Ni/MCM-41 catalyst, i. e. 94 % ethanol conversion and 76.5 % hydrogen selectivity. These results remained constant about 90 h time on stream and ethanol conversion decreased to 87 % after 120 h.

The Interfacial Effect on H2 Production from Oxidative Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Rh/Ce1-xLaxO2-δ Nanocatalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 837-845
Author(s):  
Kang Yang ◽  
Yafei Wang ◽  
Yujie Yang ◽  
Hongrui Hao ◽  
Xue Han
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Interface Structure ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Background: The production of hydrogen from catalytic reforming ethanol has attracted wide attention, which provides a promising way to replace fossil fuels with sustainable energy carriers. Methods: In this work, the Ce1-xLaxO2-δ solid solution (CL) supported Rh catalysts (nRh/CL, n = 0.5, 1 and 2 wt.%) were prepared by a traditional impregnation method with a variation of Rh loading. The different interface structure of nRh/CL catalysts and their catalytic performance in oxidative steam reforming (OSR) reaction were investigated. Results: Rh was loaded by the traditional impregnation method, and ethanol conversion and H2 yield declined in the order of 1%Rh/CL > 2%Rh/CL > 0.5%Rh/CL. Conclusion: The supports of the nRh/CL catalysts were confirmed to be Ce1-xLaxO2-δ solid solution, but only for the 1%Rh/CL catalyst, the Rh species were well-dispersed on the support and formed a Rh2O3//Ce1-xLaxO2-δ interface structure. The super-cell structure of Rh3+-O-RE3/4+ (RE = Ce, La) on the surface of 0.5%Rh/CL catalyst and the formation of interfacial Ce1-x-yLaxRhyO2-δ solid solution for 2%Rh/CL catalyst had effects on the self-activation of the nRh/CL catalysts. The typical lattice expansion of Ce1-xLaxO2-δ solid solution lowered the energy for migration. And the excellent hydrogen and oxygen mobility at the Rh//Ce1-xLaxO2-δ interface for 1%Rh/CL catalyst guaranteed the good catalytic performance for OSR at low temperature.

scholarly journals Steam reforming of ethanol for hydrogen production: influence of catalyst composition (Ni/Al2O3, Ni/Al2O3–CeO2, Ni/Al2O3–ZnO) and process conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-919
Author(s):  
O. Shtyka ◽  
Z. Dimitrova ◽  
R. Ciesielski ◽  
A. Kedziora ◽  
G. Mitukiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Ethanol Conversion ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Activation ◽  
Catalyst Composition ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol

AbstractEthanol steam reforming was studied over Ni supported catalysts. The effects of support (Al2O3, Al2O3–ZnO, and Al2O3–CeO2), metal loading, catalyst activation method, and steam-to-ethanol molar feed ratio were investigated. The properties of catalysts were studied by N2 physisorption, TPD-CO2, X-ray diffraction, and temperature programmed reduction. After activity tests, the catalysts were analyzed by TOC analysis. The catalytic activity measurements showed that the addition either of ZnO SSor CeO2 to alumina enhances both ethanol conversion and promotes selectivity towards hydrogen formation. The same effects were observed for catalysts with higher metal loadings. High process temperature and high water-to-ethanol ratio were found to be beneficial for hydrogen production. An extended catalyst stability tests showed no loss of activity over 50 h on reaction stream. The TOC analysis of spent catalysts revealed only insignificant amounts of carbon deposit.

Production of Hydrogen With Low Carbon Monoxide Formation Via Catalytic Steam Reforming of Methanol

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Patel ◽  
K. K. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methanol ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Formation

The production of hydrogen was investigated in a fixed bed tubular reactor via steam reforming of methanol using CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized by measuring surface area, pore volume, X-ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy photographs. The SRM was carried out at atmospheric pressure, temperature 493–573 K, steam to methanol molar ratio 1–1.8 and W/F 3 to 15. Effects of reaction temperature, contact-time, steam to methanol molar ratio and zinc content of catalyst on methanol conversion, selectivity and product yields were evaluated. The addition of zinc enhances the methanol conversion and hydrogen production. The excess steam promotes the methanol conversion and suppresses the carbon monoxide formation. Different strategies have been mentioned to minimize the carbon monoxide formation for the steam reforming of methanol to produce fuel cell grade hydrogen. Optimum operating conditions with appropriate composition of catalyst has been found to produce more selective hydrogen with minimum carbon monoxide. The reaction mechanism has been proposed based on the product distribution. The kinetic model available in literature fitted well with the experimental results.

Activity of Copper and Nickel Loaded on HZSM-5Zeolite Based Catalyst for Steam Reforming of Glycerol to Hydrogen

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 504-509
Author(s):  
Hafizah Abdul Halim Yun ◽  
Ramli Mat ◽  
Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah ◽  
Mahadhir Mohamed ◽  
Anwar Johariand Asmadi Ali
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Glycerol Conversion

The study focuses on hydrogen production via glycerol steam reforming over copper and nickel loaded on HZSM-5 zeolite based catalyst. The catalysts were prepared by using different loading amount of copper (0-10wt%) and nickel (0-10wt%) on HZSM-5 zeolite catalysts through wet impregnation method and was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The performances of catalysts were evaluated in terms of glycerol conversion and hydrogen production at 500°C using 6:1 of water to glycerol molar ratio (WGMR) in a tubular fixed bed reactor. All the catalysts had achieved more than 85% of glycerol conversion except that of 5%Cu loaded on HZSM-5 catalyst. The addition of nickel into 5% Cu/HZSM-5 catalyst had increased the hydrogen yield. Similar trend was observed when copper was added into Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst but using copper loaded on HZSM-5 alone was unable to produce hydrogen compared to using nickel catalyst alone. It showed that copper acted as a promoter for hydrogen production. It was established that a 5wt% of Cu with 10wt% of Ni loaded on HZSM-5 catalyst showed significant improvement in terms of hydrogen yield and gaseous product compositions at selected operating conditions.

scholarly journals Ca-Modified Co/SBA-15 Catalysts for Hydrogen Production through Ethanol Steam Reforming

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Bin Wang ◽  
Siao Wun Liu ◽  
Kuan Fu Ho ◽  
Hsin Hua Huang ◽  
Chih Wei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coke Deposition ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Ethanol ◽  
Incipient Wetness

Hydrogen production through steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over the Ca-modified Co/SBA-15 catalysts was studied herein to evaluate the catalytic activity, stability and the behavior of coke deposition. The Ca-modified SBA-15 supports were prepared from the Ca(NO3)2·4H2O (10 wt%) which was incorporated to SBA-15 by incipient wetness impregnation (assigned as Ca/SBA-15) and direct hydrothermal (assigned as Ca-SBA-15) method. The active cobalt species from the Co(NO3)2·6H2O (10 wt%) was loaded to SiO2, SBA-15 and modified-SBA-15 supports with incipient wetness impregnation method to obtain the cobalt catalysts (named as Co/SiO2, Co/SBA-15, Co-Ca/SBA-15 and Co/Ca-SBA-15, respectively). The prepared catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET. The catalytic performance of the SRE reaction was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that the Co/Ca-SBA-15 catalyst was preferential among these catalysts and the ethanol can be converted completely at 375 °C. The hydrogen yield (YH2) approached 4.76 at 500 °C and less coke deposited. Further, the long-term stability test of this catalyst approached 100 h at 500 °C and did not deactivate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document