Cytological and histological studies on male and female gametophyte of endangered species Amygdalus nana in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Chudíková ◽  
Ľuba Ďurišová ◽  
Tibor Baranec ◽  
Ivan Ikrényi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

AbstractAmygdalus nana L. (Dwarf Russian Almond) a well-known ornamental plant is endangered in its natural habitats on the territory of Slovakia. Using methods of cytology and embryology, the stages of reproductive cycle of the species were clarified. Especially the development of the male and female reproductive organs, processes of the fertilization and formation of the embryo were studied. The reduction of reproductive potential was caused by synergic influence of negative biotic and abiotic factors. Despite the presence of degenerated, misshapen pollen grains and a great variability in shape and size, a sufficient amount of normally developed viable pollen grains originated within the species Amygdalus nana. We did not observe serious disturbances during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis, the reduction in fruit set was caused by the degeneration of ovules after unsuccessful pollination (unfavourable conditions during the flowering period) and after unsuccessful seed development, caused mainly by damages of reproductive organs by pests.

scholarly journals Male and female reproductive success in natural and anthropogenic populations of Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. (Orchidaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Jermakowicz ◽  
Beata Ostrowiecka ◽  
Izabela Tałałaj ◽  
Artur Pliszko ◽  
Agata Kostro-Ambroziak
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Effective Pollinators

Abstract In the presented study, male and female reproductive success was analyzed in relation to the population size, floral display and pollinators’ availability in natural and anthropogenic populations of the orchid Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. Our results indicated significant differences between all investigated populations in parameters of floral display, including heights and number of flowers per inflorescence, as well the number of flowering individuals and their spatial structure. Additionally, populations differed both in male (pollinia removal) and female (fruit set) reproductive success, but only the fruit set clearly differentiated anthropogenic and natural populations. Despite the average flower number per plant being significantly higher in two of the anthropogenic populations, it was not related to the fruits set, which was significantly lower there. Moreover, our preliminary study concerning the potential pollinators of M. monophyllos showed a higher contribution of flies in natural habitats than in anthropogenic ones. Thus, we can suspect that the main factors influencing the level of female reproductive success in M. monophyllos populations are abundance of effective pollinators, as well as flower visitors, which may have resulted in a different level of pollen discounting in populations. Therefore, further studies concerning breeding system and pollination as important forces that shape demographic processes in M. monophyllos populations are necessary. Our results also indicate that suitable conservation methods in M. monophyllos should always include the preservation of potential pollinators, especially in these new, secondary habitats.

scholarly journals I. On the embryogeny of comatula rosacea (Linck)

1859 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 600-601
Keyword(s):  
Granular Matter ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Areolar Tissue ◽  
Young Larva ◽  
Characteristic Form ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The author briefly described the male and female reproductive organs of Comatula. When the ova are mature, and before impregnation, they are protruded and remain hanging from the ovarian orifice, entangled in the areolar tissue of the everted ovary. In this position impregnation appears usually to take place. After segmentation of the yelk, a solid nucleus is formed in the centre of the mulberry yelk-mass. This nucleus becomes invested in a special membrane, and into this embryonic mass the remainder of the yelk is gradually absorbed. Ciliary motion is observed at various points on the surface of the inclosed embryo, which finally assumes its characteristic form. The young larva, on escaping from the egg, consists of a homogeneous mass of pale-yellow granular matter, with scattered nuclei, cells, and oil-globules. It is barrel-shaped, and girded at intervals with about five broad ciliated bands.

Amerila (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) of Cameroon with morphological remarks on male and female genitalia

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4674 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ PRZYBYŁOWICZ ◽  
VINCENT MAICHER ◽  
GYULA M. LÁSZLÓ ◽  
SZABOLCS SÁFIÁN ◽  
ROBERT TROPEK
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mount Cameroon ◽  
Tiger Moths ◽  
First Time ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

Amerila is one of the most studied Afrotropical genera of Arctiinae. However, based on a regionally constrained sample of specimens from Mount Cameroon, we show how superficial our knowledge on these tiger moths is. Among six collected Amerila species, A. femina’s female is described here for the first time, and A. mulleri and A. roseomarginata had never been recorded before in the country. Moreover, novel biological data are presented, including individual species’ elevational ranges. Finally, female reproductive organs of the genus are illustrated here for the first time. The value of such regional studies is highlighted, with some remarks on necessary requirements of such small-scaled field sampling. 

THE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF THE VELVET MITE, ALLOTHROMBIUM LEROUXI (TROMBIDIFORMES: TROMBIDIIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Mathur ◽  
E. J. LeRoux
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Receptaculum Seminis ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

AbstractThe anatomy and functions of the male and female reproductive organs of Allothrombium lerouxi Moss are described in detail. In the male, the reproductive organs consist of paired testes, paired vasa diferentia, a median seminal vesicle, a median ejaculatory duct, bursa expulsatoria, a penis, and a median accessory gland; in the female, they consist of paired ovaries, paired oviducts, a median uterus and a vagina. The function of the parts in the male differs from that reported in other species of Trombidiformes, and in females fertilization takes place in the spongy epithelium of the uterus instead of in the oviducts as in oribatids. Females also lack a receptaculum seminis and accessory glands.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics, Fruit Qualities and Evaluation of Reproductive Functions in Autotetraploid Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Miki Sudo ◽  
Kiichi Yasuda ◽  
Masaki Yahata ◽  
Mai Sato ◽  
Akiyoshi Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Citrus Unshiu ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Seedless Fruits

The morphological characteristics and fruit quality of an autotetraploid plant selected from nucellar seedlings of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were investigated. Additionally, in order to evaluate the reproductive potential of male and female gametes of the tetraploid Satsuma mandarin, reciprocal crosses with diploid cultivars were also carried out. The tetraploid had significantly thick and round leaves, as compared to those of the diploid Satsuma mandarin. The sizes of the flowers and pollen grains of the tetraploid were significantly larger than those of the diploid. Pollen fertility of tetraploid was high compared with that of the diploid. The tetraploid produced seedless fruits. The fruit weight of the tetraploid was equal to that of the diploid. Compared to the diploid fruits, the tetraploid fruit had less sugar contents and more organic acid contents. Although the tetraploid fruits showed similar traits to other Citrus tetraploids such as thick and hard peels, the tetraploid had a higher content of carotenoids in the flavedo than the diploid, and the rind color of the tetraploid was much better. In the reciprocal crosses between the tetraploid Satsuma mandarin and diploid cultivars, some seeds were obtained, and triploid progenies were obtained in all cross combinations.

scholarly journals Floral herbivory does not reduce pollination-mediated fitness in shelter rewarding Royal Irises

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahua Ghara ◽  
Christina Ewerhardy ◽  
Gil Yardeni ◽  
Mor Matzliach ◽  
Yuval Sapir
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollinator Visitation ◽  
Direct Damage

ABSTRACTFlorivory, the damage to flowers by herbivores can affect fitness both directly and indirectly. Flowers consumed by florivores may fail to produce fruit or produce lower seed set because of direct damage to reproductive organs. In addition, eaten flowers are less attractive to pollinators because of reduced or modified advertisement, which reduces pollination services. While observational data are abundant, experimental evidence is scarce and results are contrasting. We tested experimentally the effect of florivory on both pollinator visitation and reproductive success in three species of the Royal Irises, which have large flowers that are attractive to pollinators, and potentially also for florivores. We hypothesized that florivory will reduce pollen deposition due to reduced attractiveness to pollinators, while fruit set and seed set will depend on the extent of florivory. We performed artificial florivory in two experiments over two years. In the first experiment, each of the three floral units of a single Iris flower was subject to either low or high artificial florivory, or left un-touched as control. We counted the number of pollen grains deposited on each of the three stigmas as a measure of pollinator visitation. In the second experiment, three flowers of the same plant received low, high, or no artificial florivory and were further recorded for fruit and seed production. In 2016, high artificial florivory revealed lower number of pollen grains on stigmas of Iris atropurpurea, but in 2017 there was no difference. Similarly, number of pollen grains in high artificial was lower than low florivory in 2017 in I. petrana. No significant effect of florivory was found on pollen grain deposition, fruit set or seed set. The results remained consistent across species and across years. The results undermine the assumption that flower herbivory is necessarily antagonistic interaction and suggests that florivores may not be strong selection agents on floral reproductive biology in the Oncocyclus irises.

Selective Loss of Sperm Bearing a Compound Chromosome in the Drosophila Female

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1629-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby F Dernburg ◽  
Douglas R Daily ◽  
Karen J Yook ◽  
John A Corbin ◽  
John W Sedat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Paternal Inheritance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Paternal Transmission ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

Abstract The Drosophila compound entire second chromosome, C(2)EN, displays paternal transmission well below Mendelian expectations (Novitski  et al. 1981). Because C(2)EN stocks also show higher-than-expected rates of zygotic lethality, it was proposed that this reduced paternal inheritance might be wholly or partially due to postfertilization events. Efforts to investigate this phenomenon have been hampered because the progeny of crosses between C(2)EN-bearing individuals and those with normal karyotypes die during embryogenesis. We have circumvented this obstacle by employing fluorescence in situ hybridization to directly karyotype early embryos from crosses involving C(2)EN-bearing individuals. This analysis reveals that the distortion in paternal transmission is established before fertilization. Moreover, measurement of the sperm ratios within both the male and female reproductive organs demonstrates that C(2)EN-bearing sperm are selectively lost after sperm transfer to the female and before storage of sperm in the seminal receptacles and spermathecae. Our results are consistent with a model of meiotic drive in which aberrations occuring early in meiosis lead ultimately to sperm dysfunction.

scholarly journals The Inheritance of Sterility in the Barleys

1905 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Biffen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

The following note is concerned solely with the behaviour of certain characters in hybrid barleys which bear on the inheritance of sterility and the question whether sex is, as it seems possible, a phenomenon of gametic segregation. I have used the term “sterility” in a broader sense than usual to include cases in which certain florets set no grain owing to the suppression of either the female or both the male and female reproductive organs. The plants themselves are in no cases completely sterile. The other characters occurring in the numerous varieties of barley will be considered in detail later.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document