scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics, Fruit Qualities and Evaluation of Reproductive Functions in Autotetraploid Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2441
Author(s):  
Miki Sudo ◽  
Kiichi Yasuda ◽  
Masaki Yahata ◽  
Mai Sato ◽  
Akiyoshi Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Citrus Unshiu ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Seedless Fruits

The morphological characteristics and fruit quality of an autotetraploid plant selected from nucellar seedlings of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were investigated. Additionally, in order to evaluate the reproductive potential of male and female gametes of the tetraploid Satsuma mandarin, reciprocal crosses with diploid cultivars were also carried out. The tetraploid had significantly thick and round leaves, as compared to those of the diploid Satsuma mandarin. The sizes of the flowers and pollen grains of the tetraploid were significantly larger than those of the diploid. Pollen fertility of tetraploid was high compared with that of the diploid. The tetraploid produced seedless fruits. The fruit weight of the tetraploid was equal to that of the diploid. Compared to the diploid fruits, the tetraploid fruit had less sugar contents and more organic acid contents. Although the tetraploid fruits showed similar traits to other Citrus tetraploids such as thick and hard peels, the tetraploid had a higher content of carotenoids in the flavedo than the diploid, and the rind color of the tetraploid was much better. In the reciprocal crosses between the tetraploid Satsuma mandarin and diploid cultivars, some seeds were obtained, and triploid progenies were obtained in all cross combinations.

scholarly journals Physiological and Ultrastructural Alterations Linked to Intrinsic Mastication Inferiority of Segment Membranes in Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruits

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Xuefei Lian ◽  
Feifei Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Chang ◽  
Tie Zhou ◽  
Yuewen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Force ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Citrus Unshiu ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Juice Sacs

Chewing texture is important for fresh citrus fruits, and the mastication trait of a segment directly determines chewing texture. Roughing disorder impairs the quality of Satsuma mandarin fruits, and it is typically correlated with intrinsic mastication inferiority (IMI). This study explored the role of segment membranes (SMs) in IMI. Similar to IMI in roughing-disordered fruits, segment shear force significantly enhanced relative to controls (CK); cell layers and cell wall thickness increased also in inferior masticating SMs. The ‘Miyamoto Wase’ cultivar exhibited larger segment shear force and more SM cell layers than ‘Juxiangzao’. In SMs, vessel cells could be divided into outside layers where segments adjoin and inside layers where juice sacs grow from. The inside vessel cell layers in the inferior masticating SMs were denser. Vessels with a length of 200 to 300 μm and a diameter of 5 to 15 μm predominated in SMs. The average vessel diameter enlarged by 13% to 16.5% in inferior masticating SMs, depending on cultivars. Furthermore, there was a decrease in vessels with a diameter <5 μm and an increase in vessels >10 μm in the inferior masticating SMs. Between phenotypes, protopectin increased significantly throughout development of inferior masticating SMs, while water-soluble pectin increased during the later stages of development. In one inferior masticating SM sample, protopectin and water-soluble pectin levels were higher in the inner-ring area than those in the outer-ring area. Correspondingly, expression of CuPME21 which is involved in pectin hydrolysis was consistently upregulated in the inferior masticating SMs throughout fruit development. The findings in this work provide novel insights into citrus SM structure and its IMI.

Cytological and histological studies on male and female gametophyte of endangered species Amygdalus nana in Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renáta Chudíková ◽  
Ľuba Ďurišová ◽  
Tibor Baranec ◽  
Ivan Ikrényi
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

AbstractAmygdalus nana L. (Dwarf Russian Almond) a well-known ornamental plant is endangered in its natural habitats on the territory of Slovakia. Using methods of cytology and embryology, the stages of reproductive cycle of the species were clarified. Especially the development of the male and female reproductive organs, processes of the fertilization and formation of the embryo were studied. The reduction of reproductive potential was caused by synergic influence of negative biotic and abiotic factors. Despite the presence of degenerated, misshapen pollen grains and a great variability in shape and size, a sufficient amount of normally developed viable pollen grains originated within the species Amygdalus nana. We did not observe serious disturbances during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis, the reduction in fruit set was caused by the degeneration of ovules after unsuccessful pollination (unfavourable conditions during the flowering period) and after unsuccessful seed development, caused mainly by damages of reproductive organs by pests.

scholarly journals Monoicy in A. angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae): I. Morphological aspects of the reproductive structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdir M. Stefenon ◽  
Clarissa A. Caprestano
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Adult Trees

Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze is a dioecious conifer species native of Brazil. The rare occurrence of monoiceous specimens have been attributed to pathogenic infections or other injuries in adult trees. Here, the morphological characteristics of male and female cones and pollen grains of a monoiceous A. angustifolia are described. Male and female cones and pollen grains presented normal morphology, lacking any sort of injuries or infection and suggesting the existence of further grounds for the occurrence of monoicy in this conifer species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Edible Quality of Commercial Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-554
Author(s):  
Kyuei IINO ◽  
Kazuo OSODO
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Unshiu ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin

scholarly journals Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarin Grown on the Northern Coast of the Gulf of Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Ebel ◽  
W.A. Dozier ◽  
B. Hockema ◽  
F.M. Woods ◽  
R. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin

This study was conducted to determine fruit quality of Satsuma mandarin Citrus unshiu, Marc. `Owari' grown on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Soluble solids increased linearly and titratable acidity decreased quadratically during October and November for the four sampling years. There was no significant interaction between sampling date and year. There was a significant year effect for titratable acidity, but not soluble solids or their ratio. A 10:1 soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio was observed on 10 Nov. Variation in fruit weight corresponded with cropload. Fruit weight increased during the sampling period due to an increase in fruit length since there was no change in width. Peel color was yellow-orange by 10 Nov., with many fruit still exhibiting patches of green color. Because of some green color present in the peel, the fruit would have to be degreened for successful marketing in U.S. retail chain stores.

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