Carbon and nitrogen and their elemental and isotopic ratios in the bottom sediment of the Solina-Myczkowce complex of reservoirs

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Koszelnik ◽  
Janusz Tomaszek ◽  
Renata Gruca-Rokosz
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Carbon and nitrogen and their elemental and isotopic ratios in the bottom sediment of the Solina-Myczkowce complex of reservoirsThe studies concerned the ecosystem of the Solina-Myczkowce cascade of reservoirs. While the elemental C:N ratio was higher in the Solina Reservoir branches and in the Myczkowce Reservoir (>10), the values for stations located near the Solina Dam were low (<10). Markedly, the lowest values for δ

Considerations on the use of carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios for sediment fingerprinting

2022 ◽  
pp. 152640
Author(s):  
Brenden Riddle ◽  
Jimmy Fox ◽  
David Tyler Mahoney ◽  
William Ford ◽  
Yi-Tin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Sediment Fingerprinting ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

scholarly journals Determining the origin of the building blocks of the Ice Giants based on analogue measurements from comets

2019 ◽  
Vol 491 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
K E Mandt ◽  
O Mousis ◽  
S Treat
Keyword(s):  
Noble Gas ◽  
Giant Planet ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Formation Conditions ◽  
Comet 67P

ABSTRACT The abundances of the heavy elements and isotopic ratios in the present atmospheres of the giant planets can be used to trace the composition of volatiles that were present in the icy solid material that contributed to their formation. The first definitive measurements of noble gas abundances and isotope ratios at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko (67P/C–G) were recently published by Marty et al. (2017) and Rubin et al. (2018, 2019). The implications of these abundances for the formation conditions of the 67P/C–G building blocks were then evaluated by Mousis et al. (2018a). We add here an analysis of the implications of these results for understanding the formation conditions of the building blocks of the Ice Giants and discuss how future measurements of Ice Giant atmospheric composition can be interpreted. We first evaluate the best approach for comparing comet observations with giant planet composition, and then determine what would be the current composition of the Ice Giant atmospheres based on four potential sources for their building blocks. We provide four scenarios for the origin of the Ice Giants building blocks based on four primary constraints for building block composition: (1) the bulk abundance of carbon relative to nitrogen, (2) noble gas abundances relative to carbon and nitrogen, (3) abundance ratios Kr/Ar and Xe/Ar, and (4) Xe isotopic ratios. In situ measurements of these quantities by a Galileo-like entry probe in the atmosphere(s) of Uranus and/or Neptune should place important constraints on the formation conditions of the Ice Giants.

scholarly journals Isotopic traceability in body tissues and in different breeding periods of broilers

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1325-1334
Author(s):  
R.P. Oliveira ◽  
C. Ducatti ◽  
A.S. Carrijo ◽  
A.C. Pezzato ◽  
J.C. Denadai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotopes ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Vegetable Diet ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The inclusion of poultry viscera meal (VM) in broiler diets to possibly replace it with strictly vegetable diet (VE) and vice-versa, using the technique of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in different tissues was traced. One hundred ninety-two one-day-old chicks that had been distributed randomly were used in twelve experimental treatments with four replications of four chicks each. The treatments consisted of vegetable diet (VG) for diets containing FV going after a certain age or the reverse, in which the birds began feeding VM on diet and then switched to VE diet. At 42 days of age, samples of pectoral muscle (Pectoralis major), keel and tibia were collected, with later determination of isotopic ratios (13C/12C and 15N/14N). The stable isotopes technique couldn't trace the use of VM in feeding broilers when this ingredient was part of broiler diets only in the first seven, 14 or 21 days of age. However, this technique can be applied to younger poultry that have been sampled before a possible change in diet, since they can have the isotopic signature of feeding stabilized around two weeks of age.

scholarly journals Carbon-driven eco-agriculture without nitrogen deficiency

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Oda ◽  
Kenji Tamura ◽  
Hiroko Nakatsuka ◽  
Miki Nakata ◽  
Yukimi Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

A farmer grew crops by adding only organic material with a high C:N ratio (40) to the soil for 30 years. He focused on the role of carbon in increasing the number of microorganisms. This idea was based on the concepts of 1) indirect crop management via microorganisms and 2) providing carbon to microorganisms for energy. Here, we name this practice “carbon -driven eco-agriculture” (CDEA). We determined the effect of CDEA on a laterite soil vegetable field in Sao Paulo for 4 years. The yield exceeded the national average. Soil aggregates formed to 29 cm thickness, and the microbial activity was one order of magnitude higher than that in a conventional control field. The output/input ratios of carbon and nitrogen were 1.88 –2.35 and 3.58–6.00, respectively, indicating a sustainable system for these elements. Incorporating high-C:N-ratio (>20) organic material results in nitrogen deficiency. However, our results indicate that large numbers of microorganisms provide crops with sufficient nitrogen at low concentrations. This method overcomes the yield limitation of chemical fertilizer application and reverses soil degradation.

Variability of Settling Particles Fluxes and Isotopic Composition (δ13C and δ15N) from Material Trapped in Coastal Reefs of Abrolhos Bank, Eastern Brazilian Shelf

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Spanó ◽  
André Luiz Belem ◽  
Maria Do Rosário Zucchi ◽  
Paulo De Oliveira Mafalda Junior ◽  
Alessandro Lopes Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Sediment Composition ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Average Value

Elemental and isotopic ratios (C/N, δ13C, δ15N) of sediment samples captured by PVC traps in eight stations along the coastal reefs of the Abrolhos region, Brazil, were analyzed. The study area is characterized by the influence of continental sediments on biogenic sediments. The highest δ13C values were found in the Sebastião Gomes (second shallower station), with average values close to -15‰ in all sampling periods. The isotopic ratio of carbon and nitrogen indicates that the organic matter analyzed has marine origin, with signature features of oceanic regions. The highest C/N ratio average value of 8.29 occurred in Nova Viçosa (the southernmost station and one of the shallowest) during the spring, in other seasons the average value was close to 7 in all periods. Although the values of C/N indicate a significantly marine contribution, δ15N values suggest that N series recycling processes are frequent during the time that the material remained in the environment. The results will provide a baseline for future environmental monitoring and studies on changes in sediment composition in an important set of coastal coral reefs.

scholarly journals Effect of Large-Scale Cultivated Land Expansion on the Balance of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in the Tarim Basin

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erqi Xu ◽  
Hongqi Zhang ◽  
Yongmei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cultivation Time ◽  
Soil Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Impact

Land reclamation influences the soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, but its scale and time effects on the balance of soil carbon and nitrogen are still uncertain. Taking the Tarim Basin as the study area, the impact of land reclamation on the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio was explored by the multiple temporal changes of land use and soil samples. Remote sensing detected that cropland nearly doubled in area from 1978 to 2015. Spatial analysis techniques were used to identify land changes, including the prior land uses and cultivation ages. Using land reclamation history information, a specially designed soil sampling was conducted in 2015 and compared to soil properties in ca. 1978. Results found a decoupling characteristic between the C:N ratio and SOC or TN, indicating that changes in SOC and TN do not correspond directly to changes in the C:N ratio. The land reclamation history coupled with the baseline effect has opposite impacts on the temporal rates of change in SOC, TN and C:N ratios. SOC and TN decreased during the initial stage of conversion to cropland and subsequently recovered with increasing cultivation time. By contrast, the C:N ratio for soils derived from grassland increased at the initial stage but the increase declined when cultivated longer, and the C:N ratio decreased for soils derived from forest and fluctuated with the cultivation time. Lower C:N ratios than the global average and its decreasing trend with increasing reclamation age were found in newly reclaimed croplands from grasslands. Sustainable agricultural management practices are suggested to enhance the accumulation of soil carbon and nitrogen, as well as to increase the C:N ratio to match the nitrogen deposition to a larger carbon sequestration.

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