Different Combinations of Butchery and Vegetable Wastes on Growth Performance, Chemical-Nutritional Characteristics and Oxidative Status of Black Soldier Fly Growing Larvae

Hermetia illucens larvae (five days old) were farmed on broiler feed (control diet), a vegetable diet (V100), a 50% of vegetable diet + 50% of butchery wastes (V50 + B50), and a 75% of vegetable diet + 25% of butchery wastes (V75 + B25) to evaluate their suitability. Ten kilograms of substrate and 6000 larvae composed each replicate (nine per group). Larvae were weighed and measured every two days until the 25% developed into prepupae. Larval mortality and growing indexes were calculated. Substrates, larvae, and frass chemical composition were analyzed. Larvae oxidative status and stability were measured in hemolymph and body. The V100 larvae showed the lowest live weight, length, thickness, and growth rate but had low mortality rate and high substrate reduction index and protein conversion ratio. The V100 larvae had similar protein to and lower lipids than the control ones, while the V50 + B50 and V75 + B25 larvae contained higher lipids and lower protein than the others. Despite the vegetable wastes, at different levels, the reactive oxygen species content decreased in hemolymph, and the V100 diet depressed growth performance and should be avoided. The use of butchery wastes combined with vegetable ingredients can be a suitable alternative to balance the high level of lipid and the low content of protein.

About nitrogen metabolism with a lacto-vegetable diet

In one of our reports, we were able to show that a milk diet, which does not satisfy the energy needs of scarlet fever patients, leads to a negative nitrogen balance. Since in the milk diet, along with a moderate content of protein and fat, there were extremely few carbohydrates, it was natural to assume that an increase in the amount of the latter could have a significant effect on protein metabolism. To replenish food with carbohydrates, we included in the diet, in addition to milk, vegetable purees, cereals, jelly. The menu was composed in such a way that for breakfast and dinner, patients were given porridge with milk, and for lunch, vegetable puree and cranberry jelly. In addition, children received 200 grams twice a day. milk as a drink. The well-known schematization of dishes was carried out in order to facilitate the technical conditions of work. According to a preliminary calculation, the total caloric value of our lacto-vegetable diet was 2086 calories, with a content of 56 grams in food. squirrel, 294 gr. carbohydrates and 70 gr. fat. Of the 10 children put on this menu, only one 12-year-old patient with a mild form of scarlet fever ate the whole food offered to him, while the rest of the children were content with more or less of the dishes they were given. Patients aged 4-5 years drank an average of 600-700 grams. milk and ate 150-300 gr. porridge, 75-150 gr. mashed potatoes and 150-200 gr. jelly; older children ate 400-500 grams. porridge, 150-300 gr. puree, 250-300 gr. jelly and about 800 gr. milk.

Cardioprotective diet in Siberian residents: the PURE study

Introduction Nutrition plays an important role in the prevention of cardiovascular pathology. An appropriate diet helps to prevent the development of arterial hypertension (AH), hypercholesterolemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim To identify dietary patterns and investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in healthy population of Siberia. Materials and methods 1,600 people (age 35–70) were examined for the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiologic Study (PURE). Re-examination was carried out after 35.6±2.9 months. Subjects without chronic diseases, with normal blood pressure, lipid and glucose levels, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were selected for the analysis. They accounted for 5.2% of the total number of the responders. Dietary habits were assessed using principal component analysis. Results Three types of dietary patterns have been identified by factor analysis. The first type incorporates the consumption of vegetables, fruits throughout the year (“fruit/vegetable”). The second type includes the consumption of fatty meat, complex carbohydrates and sweets (“protein/carbohydrate”). The third type is comprised of persons who did not belong to any of the previous two types (“mixed”). Most of the responders adhered to the protein/carbohydrate type (42.2%), whereas the fruit/vegetable and mixed types accounted for 28.9% each. Results of the second examination showed that in subjects following the fruit/vegetable diet-37.5% did not have any risk factors, 4.2% developed hypercholesterolemia, 4.2%-hypertriglyceridemia and general obesity, 12.5%-higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and 16.7% had abdominal obesity. In protein/carbohydrate diet-71.4% of the responders remained healthy, 8.6% developed hypercholesterolemia, 2.8%-AH and 2.8%-abdominal obesity, 14.3%-a high LDL level. In the mixed diet-58.3% of the responders remained completely healthy, 8.3%-hypercholesterolemia, 12.5%-high LDL cholesterol levels, and 12.5%-abdominal obesity. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that adherence to the fruit/vegetable type was associated with an higher risk of obesity according to BMI (OR=1.57, CI: 1.27–1.96, p<0.001), WC (OR=1.43, CI: 1.1–1.9, p=0.006), DM (OR=1.27, CI: 1.2–2.2, p=0.046). Adherence to the protein/carbohydrate diet was associated with a lower risk of obesity according to BMI (OR=0.75, CI: 0.6–0.95, p=0.015), WC (OR=0.52, CI: 0.41–0.66, p<0.001), DM (OR=0.66, CI: 0.47–0.93, p=0.018), hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=0.66, CI: 0.52–0.83, p<0.001). Conclusion Three types of diets have been prominent in Siberian residents. The fruit/vegetable diet has been associated with the development of obesity and diabetes, in contrast to the protein/carbohydrate diet. The findings suggest that it is necessary to further study the qualitative characteristics of each type of diet, depending on the physical activity of the respondents. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): The study was supported by the Pfizer Inc

Dietary Patterns and Progression of Impaired Kidney Function in Japanese Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, 2011–2015

To investigate associations between dietary patterns and the risk of impaired kidney function, we analyzed data from 14,732 participants (40–89 years) who completed the baseline diet questionnaire of The Fukushima Health Management Survey in 2011. The incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or proteinuria (≥1+ by dipstick test)) and annual changes in eGFR were assessed from 2012 to 2015. Three major dietary patterns were identified. The adjusted cumulative incidence ratio of the highest vs. lowest tertile of a vegetable diet scores was 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 1.00) for eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.90) for proteinuria, and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.97) for CKD (P for trend = 0.031, 0.007, and 0.005, respectively). The incident risk of CKD in the highest tertile of juice diet scores was 18% higher than the lowest tertile. The odds ratio of the highest vs. lowest tertile of vegetable diet scores was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.98) in the rapidly decreasing eGFR group (P for trend = 0.009). We did not observe significant associations for the meat dietary pattern. A Japanese vegetable diet could reduce the risk of developing impaired kidney function and CKD.

The Relationship Among Nutrition Knowledge, Vegetable Diet, Nutrition Status of Don Bosco Elementary Students, Manado

Children in urban area tend to abandon healthy diet, since there are a lot of fast food options available around. In general, children valued the importance of nutrition, but they did not concern the health benefit of foods in food selections. Their dietary quality was not satisfactory, and the diet of most children did not meet the recommended serving requirements for vegetable, fruit, cereal and milk. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship among Nutrition knowledge, vegetables diet and Nutritional Status of Elementary Students at Don Bosco Catholic School Manado. This is a cross sectional study in which we explored the nutritional status of Don Bosco Elementary Students based on nutrition knowledge, vegetable diet and Body Mass Index with questionnaire instrument, anthropometric measurements from June to August 2019. The nutritional status of Don Bosco Elementary School students based on body mass index (BMI) shows that students with normal and overweight nutritional status share an equal comparison that is 1:1 (50%), while the level of student knowledge about nutrition was dominated by students with poor knowledge that is 67.7%. This is also in line with the pattern of vegetables consuming which is also poor at 56.3%. Based on the results of Chi-Square analysis there is no significant relationship between the levels of nutritional knowledge of students with vegetable consumption patterns. Conversely, there is no relationship between the levels of nutritional knowledge of students with nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI).