scholarly journals Thermal Characteristics of New Building Materials and their Effect upon the Energy Efficiency

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
J. Ekmanis ◽  
V. Zebergs ◽  
N. Zeltins ◽  
V. Vrublevski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Extreme Conditions

Thermal Characteristics of New Building Materials and their Effect upon the Energy Efficiency The paper formulates the role of thermal inertia of the building materials in the energy supply of buildings and in solution of the energy efficiency problems. The evolution of construction entails the application of new building materials as well as of glazed surfaces in the envelopes of buildings. An analysis is made of the influence of the thermal resistance of building materials and their heat capacity on the thermal inertia indicators of buildings. An inertia scale of buildings has been developed for the choice of the heat supply capacities of buildings at low outdoor temperatures under extreme conditions of the Latvian climate. The ratio of the ventilation capacities has been analysed in the total heating balance at a low thermal inertia of buildings. The significance of innovative ventilation technologies for raising the energy efficiency has been considered.

scholarly journals Novel active method for the estimation of a building wall thermal resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 14008
Author(s):  
Adrien François ◽  
Laurent Ibos ◽  
Vincent Feuillet ◽  
Johann Meulemans
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Building Wall ◽  
High Thermal Inertia

The thermal resistance of a wall can be readily measured in steady-state. However, such a state is seldomly achieved in a building because of the variation of outdoor conditions as well as the high thermal inertia of building materials. This paper introduces a novel active (dynamic) method to measure the thermal resistance of a building wall. Not only are active approaches less sensitive to external temperature variations, they also enable to perform measurements within only a few hours. In the proposed methodology, an artificial thermal load is applied to a wall (heating of the indoor air) and its thermal response is monitored. Inverse techniques are used with a reduced model to estimate the value of the thermal resistance of a wall from the measured temperatures and heat fluxes. The methodology was validated on a known load-bearing wall built inside a climate chamber. The results were in good agreement with reference values derived from a steady-state characterization of the wall. The method also demonstrated a good reproducibility.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC INNOVATIONS FOR IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF BUILDINGS (Review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
B.I. Basok ◽  
E.T. Baseyev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Center ◽  
Total Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Audits

The communal heat power engineering of Ukraine and its main area - the heat supply of the settlements of Ukraine - is the main consumer of primary energy resources (more than 60% of the total energy balance of the country, mainly imported natural gas). At the same time, this sector has the greatest potential for energy saving if measures and mechanisms are used to increase the efficiency of energy use, first of all with energy supply in buildings (thermal losses here reach up to 40%). Low energy efficiency of heat supply is the main reason for high tariffs for the consumer of housing and communal services and the challenge of social tension. Increasing energy efficiency is a basic condition for national economic, environmental and social stability, a requirement for the safety of life and a guarantee of the entire national security of the country. An overview of technological, organizational and socio-economic innovations for increasing energy efficiency of buildings is presented. Innovative equipment and technologies for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and innovative engineering systems for their energy supply have been carried out at ITTP NAS of Ukraine. The method of determination of energy efficiency indicators of buildings, enclosing structures of buildings and the practice of conducting energy audits with the use of such diagnostic center measures as demonstration building of the "zero energy" constructed on the territory of ITT of NAS of Ukraine with energy supply from renewable energy sources (heat of soil, insolation, wind). Such a demonstration facility serves as a scientific and methodological center for training students of heat energy specialties, as well as the training of specialists involved in the development of energy efficient energy supply technologies for buildings and their energy audit. On the problems of increasing energy efficiency of the building sector in the near future, the main objectives of scientific research, subjects of fundamental, applied research, subjects, methods and tools of such research were determined.

scholarly journals Application of AHP and GRA methods in energy efficiency potential’s assessment of envelopes from natural materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Yuriy Biks ◽  
◽  
Georgiy Ratushnyak ◽  
Olga Ratushnyak ◽  
Pavlo Ryapolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Total Thermal Resistance ◽  
Energy Efficiency Potential ◽  
Wall Assembly

The best choice of energy efficient envelope from variety of available materials is still the challenge. Therefore, the attempt of thermal performance multi-criteria evaluation of some building materials of natural origin for energy-efficient envelopes is conducted in present paper. Such types of walls from natural energy-efficient materials are considered in comparison assessment: hempcrete, adobe, strawbale panel, earthbag, cordwood, SIP (plywood+ecofiber), hempcrete+straw and energy efficient block. The influence of thermal inertia time, internal areal heat capacity, as well dimensionless index of thermal inertia D, the total thermal resistance of the walls Rtot-value, mass of the wall assembly and its cost have been taken into consideration as important influence factors. The multi-criteria numerical assessment of envelope’s energy efficiency potential was performed by two popular methods – Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as the subjective weighting method and Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) as the objective weighting method. Both of methods allow to arrange the alternatives and could be applied as decision support tools in decision making (DM) process of choosing the best alternative in terms of multi-criteria assessment. For more objective analysis, by taking into account the variety of physical and physical-mechanical parameters of the wall assembly material, the concept of generalized index of the envelope energy efficiency potential is proposed. Conducted research has shown that the best envelope type in terms of of generalized index of energy efficiency potential has the hempcrete wall and hemcrete+straw wall, almost three times smaller has the wall of the earthbags. The walls from adobe, cordwood and strawbale panels have practically the equal value of generalized index of energy efficiency potential. It could be observed that AHP method shown more inhomogeneous results, than GRA. The possible reason for that is the difference in evaluation attitude in techniques - AHP is considered as the subjective method with pairwise comparison matrixes, while GRA is objective method of comparison.

scholarly journals Rock traits drive complex microbial communities at the edge of life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA COLEINE ◽  
MANUEL DELGADO BAQUERIZO ◽  
Andrea Zerboni ◽  
Benedetta Turchetti ◽  
Pietro Buzzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Porous Rocks ◽  
Substrate Heterogeneity ◽  
Quartz Cement ◽  
Rocky Planets ◽  
Endolithic Communities

Antarctic deserts are among the driest and coldest ecosystems of the planet; there, some microbes hang on to life under these extreme conditions inside porous rocks, forming the so-called endolithic communities. Yet, the contribution of distinct rock traits to support complex microbial assemblies remains poorly determined. Here, we combined an extensive Antarctic rock survey with rock microbiome sequencing and ecological networks, and found that contrasting combinations of microclimatic and rock traits such as thermal inertia, porosity, iron concentration and quartz cement can help explain the multiple complex and independent microbial assemblies found in Antarctic rocks. Our work highlights the pivotal role of rocky substrate heterogeneity in sustaining contrasting groups of microorganisms, which is essential to understand life at the edge on Earth, and for searching life on other rocky planets such as Mars.

Autonomous energy supply based on the wind-energy complex and hydrogen energy storage

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
S. I. Nefedkin ◽  
A. O. Barsukov ◽  
M. I. Mozgova ◽  
M. S. Shichkov ◽  
M. A. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Wind Generators ◽  
Weak Wind

The paper proposes an alternative scheme of guaranteed electricity and heat supply of an energy-insulated facility with a high potential of wind energy without the use of imported or local fuel. The scheme represents a wind power complex containing the park of wind generators located at the points with high wind potential. The wind generators provide guaranteed power supply even in periods of weak wind. For heat supply of the consumer, all surplus of the electric power goes on thermoelectric heating of water in tanks of accumulators, and also on receiving hydrogen by a method of electrolysis of water. The current heat supply is carried out with the use of hot water storage tanks, and the heat supply during the heat shortage is carried out by burning the stored hydrogen in condensing hydrogen boilers. We have developed the algorithm of calculation and the program "Wind in energy" which allows calculating annual balance of energy and picking up necessary quantity of the equipment for implementation of the scheme proceeding from the annual schedule of thermal and electric loading, and also potential of wind energy in the chosen region. The calculation-substantiation of the scheme proposed in relation to the real energy-insulated object Ust-Kamchatsk (Kamchatka) is carried out. The equipment for the implementation of an alternative energy supply scheme without the use of imported fuel is selected and compared with the traditional energy supply scheme based on a diesel power plant and a boiler house operating on imported fuel. With the introduction of an alternative power supply scheme, the equipment of the traditional scheme that has exhausted its resource can be used for backup power supply. Using climate databases, a number of energy-insulated facilities in the North and East of Russia with high wind energy potential are considered and the conditions for the successful implementation of the energy supply scheme are analyzed. This requires not only a high average annual wind speed, but also a minimum number of days of weak wind. In addition, it is necessary that the profile of the wind speed distribution in the annual section coincides with the profile of the heat load consumption.

Problem of energy efficiency in the model of sustainable development in Ukraine: EU experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Vasyl Zelenko ◽  
Yaryna Ferenchak ◽  
Nataliya Zelenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Efficient Construction

The paper outlines major preconditions of development of energy efficiency programs and the process of their introduction from the perspective of sustainable development concept. Energy saving measures of European Union are examined, its experience and results, like green books and Thermie programs, etc are analyzed. The paper also specifies relevant activities and responsibilities undertaken by Member States by 2030 and the rates planned to be achieved. The experience of neighboring Poland in energy efficiency promotion is analyzed, as far as the country most closely resembles Ukraine by the initial rates in 1990. We calculated conditional losses of Ukraine in 2017 as the gap between the rates of energy efficiency of Ukraine and Poland (similarity of climate conditions and the state of housing funds allowed us to assume that the comparison will be the most correct regarding Ukraine). The results of calculations make us conclude that the funds are used most efficiently if the money designated, for example, for subsidizing of population are directed at strengthening of energy efficiency (at least up to the level of neighboring country). It will result in saving of about 40 billion. This is the amount defined as Ukrainian capacity in terms of improvement of energy saving and possible results of its realization. The paper determines the stage Ukraine is at in introduction of energy efficiency measures and programs: “warm loans” program; conditions regarding energy saving in Ukraine enshrined in the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement; creation of legal basis, namely the Law of Ukraine “On Energy Efficiency Fund” as of 8 June 2017. The role of newly created Energy Efficiency Fund is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the fact that energy efficient construction is one of international liabilities undertaken by Ukraine. The presence of The Active House Alliance at Ukrainian market is an important achievement in this sphere as it is the non-profit association aiming at creation of housing concept corresponding to the sustainable development principles.

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