scholarly journals Consequences Of Linguistic Frame Switching: Cognitive And Motivational Shifts In Bilingual Tunisians

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Boski ◽  
Katarzyna Iben Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Americans ◽  
French Language ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Frame Switching ◽  
Paradoxical Effects ◽  
Intrinsic Motivations ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Hyphenated Identity

Abstract Bilingualism and biculturalism are of growing importance in the world today and of increasing research interest in social sciences. Since the seminal paper by Hong et al. (2000), researchers have explored cognitive consequences of cultural and/or linguistic frame switching on cognitive functioning, mainly causal attributions (Benet-Martinez et al., 2002). It was repeatedly found that when primed by either Chinese or Americans symbols, bicultural Chinese-Americans would act as monoculturals on each side of their hyphenated identity. Paradoxical effects of conflicting bicultural identity were also reported (Benet-Martinez, Haritatos 2005). Boski (2008) extended the arguments built on a particular cultural mix of Chinese-Americans category and the analytic - holistic cognitive divide, to other groups and to axiological domains among Polish-Americans. In the current study, bilingual Tunisians of two generations were asked questions pertaining to values entrenched in their immediate cultural milieu and about those reflecting their personal convictions. Also, they answered questions about their readiness to act according to extrinsic and intrinsic motivations, as well as about conflicts between these two tendencies. Language (Arabic vs. French) was the key contrasting variable in our study. The findings clearly demonstrated that when using the French language, participants of both generations became not only less extrinsic but also less intrinsic in their motivations based on the local Arabic culture. However, the degree of conflict between these two motivational tendencies became stronger among participants using French as a tool for communication. This research demonstrates the power of cultural representations based on language and adds to the arguments falsifying naïve beliefs in “perfect translations”.

scholarly journals Mapping the Psychological Landscape of the Two Generations of Indian Diaspora in US through the Works of Jhumpa Lahiri

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagtar Kaur Chawla ◽  
Nidhi Nema
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Indian Diaspora ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Jhumpa Lahiri ◽  
Displacement Theory ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Hyphenated Identity

<p>Every diasporic study or displacement theory inadvertently leads through an analysis and understanding of its governing forces <em>viz</em> socio-economic factors, culture, milieu etc. so as to arrive at any recognizable pattern of the given diasporic consciousness.</p><p>The first generation Indian diasporic sensibilities, governed majorly by the strong undercurrents of culture and traditions, stick to the natal bonds and cultural identity in foreign lands. These culture-preservation efforts are tested and challenged on several fronts externally. Ironically, the biggest threat is posed by internal agents, the second generation, who being culturally hybridized, find themselves torn between two sensibilities. Intrinsically attached to the American mainstream, they take only peripheral interest in reinforcing the ties with their roots.</p><p>The novels of the internationally acclaimed writer of the Indian origin, Jhumpa Lahiri, traverse through the psychological landscape of the first and second generation Indian immigrants in USA mapping significantly the boundaries and distances between the both. This study makes an attempt to look through Lahiri’s works at the paradigm shift between the two generations, the first generation with its ‘living within the walls’ approach and second generation with its unfixed values. The paper also analyzes the set of ‘C’s- conflicts, clashes, complexities and compromises, with a view to present the dialectics or the process of thesis, antithesis and synthesis involved in the Indian diasporic reality.</p><p><strong>Key Words- </strong>Acculturation, Deculturation, Hyphenated Identity, Hybridization, Paradox of Otherness, Breaking the Stereotypes<strong> </strong></p>

Biculturalism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth J. Schwartz ◽  
Dina Birman ◽  
Verónica Benet-Martínez ◽  
Jennifer Unger
Keyword(s):  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
Identity Integration ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Bicultural Identity Integration ◽  
Frame Switching ◽  
Cultural Frame Switching ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter reviews the construct of biculturalism, focusing on individuals with multiple cultural backgrounds. The chapter focuses on biculturalism as a heterogeneous label, and it covers several variants of biculturalism that have been studied. A number of biculturalism-related constructs are discussed, including endorsement of two or more cultural streams, cultural frame switching, bicultural identity integration, globalization-based biculturalism, and triculturalism (endorsement of three or more cultural streams). Distinctions between biculturalism and triculturalism are discussed, along with consideration of situations in which more than three cultural streams may be intersecting. The chapter concludes with a section on practical implications of biculturalism and on interventions to promote biculturalism in individuals and families.

scholarly journals Language Proficiency and Cultural Identity as Two Facets of the Acculturation Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kmiotek
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
First Generation ◽  
French Language ◽  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Language Competencies

Abstract This article describes a cross-cultural study comparing bicultural identity of first generation Poles and high school students in the Rhône Alpes region (France), as well as French language university students in Poland. Studies show that two components, language and identity, are related. This article intends to answer questions regarding the relationship between the migrant’s bicultural identity and language proficiency. Bilingualism is operationalized as (i) listening comprehension and (ii) bidirectional translation. The results do not confirm that there is a relation between bilingual skills and identification with shared French and Polish values. Cultural identity appears to be inversely related to country of residence: Polish identity is strongest amongst immigrant youth in France and French identity is strongest amongst Polish students of French language and culture. These identities run in opposite direction to language competencies. The results suggest internalization of one of the cultures' negative stereotypes towards the other or towards itself.

Intergenerational and Personal Connectedness: Held Together in Christian Faith

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Lina S. Ponder
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
American Woman ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Family Connectedness ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Generations

Christianity is the predominant religious affiliation for Chinese Americans. The divide and loss of connectedness of cultural values between first and second generations has left both parties deeply grieved. Research has confirmed this intergenerational divide and the potential of Christian faith to help cohere the family unit. Notably, the influence of the new primary culture of Christianity may enable a way for the two generations to better understand one another. In addition to the church providing a new model for the strengthening of familial relationships, it is suggested that the enhanced ability for mentalization developed through one’s relationship with God and connecting self-states may also translate to the improvement of personal and family connectedness. This article presents a case of a second-generation Christian Chinese American woman who found links of connection with her first-generation immigrant parents and between the multiplicity of her identity through her Christian faith.

scholarly journals MULTILINGUALISM AND MULTICULTURALISM: CHALLENGES FOR EDUCATION AND SOCIALIZATION IN THE XXI CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bicultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
History Learning ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Foreign Education ◽  
Linguistic Proficiency

Our paper has two goals. First we review the state of multilingualism in the world today, with a particular emphasis on Europe which was the cradle of foreign education many centuries ago and has remained the leader in this field. There is no doubt that bi- and multi-lingualism characterize successful people of the XXI century, while the confinement to one language can be seen as a personal and social handicap or a socialization problem. We argue next, that the growing bilingual potential should be analyzed as integral part of bicultural personality of our time. Whether we speak native or second language, we participate in cultural communication. Language is not just a multilevel linguistic structure but also part and parcel of its culture, the warehouse of its meanings and history. Learning a language one acquires its culture. In this context we set research questions pertaining to the language ↔ cultural values and identity mutuality: Which and under what conditions impacts the other? Two studies were conducted by the second author on Polish-French bilingualism and bicultural identity of Romanesque university students and immigrants of two generations in France and Belgium. Opposite to our hypotheses, there was no evidence for mutual reinforcement of linguistic proficiency and cultural identity. French language skills among Romanesque students were low but their idealistic French identity was high. Polish cultural identity was dominant, over French, among second generation immigrant youths. We explain these results referring to theories of idealized identity and nostalgia. We conclude with recommendations, that second language teaching should not only be intertwined with general culture learning but also should convey realistic and not idealized versions of other cultural worlds. Extending learner’s identity, rather than replacing one by the other should be the goal of bilingual education. Keywords: socialization, education, multiculturalism, multilingualism, values, cultural symbols.

French Language and Literature (Including Provençal)

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295-1299
Author(s):  
H. Carrington Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
Language And Literature

A qualitative study of intergenerational cultural conflicts among second-generation Chinese Americans and Taiwanese Americans.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Jessica Liu ◽  
Christopher T. H. Liang ◽  
David Nguyen ◽  
Katherine Melo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Cultural Conflicts
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